Improving the availability of LDACS-based APNT with Air-to-Air ranging

Osechas, Okuary; Berz, Gerhard

doi:10.1109/plans.2016.7479687

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Several communication systems have been designed and adapted for ATN such as air-to-ground (ATG) [10], air-to-air (A2A) [11]- [16] and satellite networks [17]- [18]. In ATG networks, an aircraft can be connected to some commercial terrestrial cellular networks which direct signals to sky for aircrafts.…”

Section: A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, Nokia has provided broadband ATG connection with long-term evolution (LTE) mobile network that could provide link speeds up to 75 Mbps [20]. On the other hand, the A2A network is also proposed without ground or satellite support [11]- [16] where the network is based on ad-hoc aircraft-toaircraft connection strategy over the L-band. However, the A2A network is very sensitive to aircrafts availability for providing continuous connection with the network.…”

Section: A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Adaptive Bidirectional Multibeam High-Altitude Platforms Aeronautical Telecommunication Network Using Dual Concentric Conical Arrays

Albagory

2021

IEEE Access

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An efficient aeronautical telecommunication network (ATN) is proposed in this paper based on adaptive multibeam antenna arrays and high-altitude platforms (HAPs). First, the network structure is demonstrated, and its geometry is analyzed based on a geocentric coordinate system that converts the global positioning system (GPS) and altitude data of aircrafts and HAPs into direction-of-arrival (DOA) information which is required for subsequent beamforming operation. The antenna array is then formed by designing a low-profile dual concentric conical array (DCCA) with uniform elements distribution and is used at the aircraft and HAP to achieve bidirectional beamforming. The antenna array elements are fed by an adaptiveexponent sine profile function to reduce the sidelobe levels while the low-profile dual conical array structure reduces the secondary major lobe and backlobe levels. The proposed beamforming technique is also capable of providing multibeam towards several aircrafts at the same time for effective resource sharing and management. The radiation performance of the array is demonstrated, analyzed, and compared with the concentric circular array where it is found that the secondary major lobe has been reduced by 13 dB with sidelobe level down to −40 dB relative to the mainlobe level. In addition, the bit energy-to-noise power spectral density and probability of bit error of the proposed aeronautical network has been investigated at different operating frequencies including 3.5 GHz and millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequencies of 28 and 39 GHz. The simulation results have shown that a channel capacity of about 3 Gbps can be achieved for BPSK and QPSK signals using bidirectional beamforming for a channel bandwidth of 400 MHz at 28 and 39 GHz mm-wave frequencies while it is about 773 Mbps at 3.5 GHz for 100 MHz bandwidth that can be provided over a line-of-sight distance of 896 km between an aircraft and HAP.

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Section: A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adaptive Bidirectional Multibeam High-Altitude Platforms Aeronautical Telecommunication Network Using Dual Concentric Conical Arrays

Albagory

2021

IEEE Access

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“…To support APNT, various approaches have been proposed [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. First, the Mosaic/DME system in Reference [ 13 ] provides distance and bearing to an approaching aircraft using a single station that consists of a Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) ground transponder and multiple GPS-like pseudolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach can result in a centimeter level of ranging accuracy and requires a significantly more stable oscillator than the one that current DMEs are typically equipped with. More recently, Thiasiriphet et al proposed modifying future L-band digital aeronautical communication system type 1 (LDACS1) signals as a ranging source for APNT [ 18 , 19 ]. The flight tests in Reference [ 18 ] showed that the achievable ranging accuracy was 21 m to 85 m (95% confidence) depending on aircraft altitudes, which may result in a 10–42 m horizontal positioning accuracy with four ground stations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SFOL Pulse: A High Accuracy DME Pulse for Alternative Aircraft Position and Navigation

Kim

Seo

2017

Sensors

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In the Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) performance based navigation strategy announced in 2016, the FAA stated that it would retain and expand the Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) infrastructure to ensure resilient aircraft navigation capability during the event of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) outage. However, the main drawback of the DME as a GNSS back up system is that it requires a significant expansion of the current DME ground infrastructure due to its poor distance measuring accuracy over 100 m. The paper introduces a method to improve DME distance measuring accuracy by using a new DME pulse shape. The proposed pulse shape was developed by using Genetic Algorithms and is less susceptible to multipath effects so that the ranging error reduces by 36.0–77.3% when compared to the Gaussian and Smoothed Concave Polygon DME pulses, depending on noise environment.

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“…combination of different terrestrial systems to increase the number of available ranging sources [11], [12]. The use of High Altitude Platform Systems (HAPS) as additional ranging sources and as augmentation [13] or Air-to-Air ranging [14] has been also discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Inertial Navigation System with multiple APNT ranges: Expected performance and considerations

Crespillo

Grosch

Nossek

et al. 2016

2016 Integrated Communications Navigation and Surveillance (ICNS)

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Inertial sensors constitute an essential part in civil avionics systems. It has also been identified as a required system to meet the foreseen availability requirements in the context of Alternative Position Navigation and Timing (APNT). For example, DME/DME/Inertial (DDI) is currently considered for RNAV 1.0 operations. In this work, we look beyond DDI and investigate the possibility of an integrated inertial system with multiple APNT ranges. Thanks to our simulation framework, we evaluate in different scenarios the integration of inertial system with ranging sources using real DME locations. Based on the results, we finally analyze and comment on the limitations, implications and issues of using tactical grade instead of navigation grade inertial sensors.

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Improving the availability of LDACS-based APNT with Air-to-Air ranging

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

An Adaptive Bidirectional Multibeam High-Altitude Platforms Aeronautical Telecommunication Network Using Dual Concentric Conical Arrays

An Adaptive Bidirectional Multibeam High-Altitude Platforms Aeronautical Telecommunication Network Using Dual Concentric Conical Arrays

SFOL Pulse: A High Accuracy DME Pulse for Alternative Aircraft Position and Navigation

Integrated Inertial Navigation System with multiple APNT ranges: Expected performance and considerations

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