Improving the barrier properties of tin oxide in metal halide perovskite solar cells using ozone to enhance nucleation

Johnson, Samuel A.; White, Keith P.; Tong, Jinhui; You, Shuai; Magomedov, Artiom; Larson, Bryon W.; Morales, Daniel; Bramante, Rosemary; Dunphy, Erin; Tirawat, Robert; Perkins, Craig L.; Werner, Jérémie; Lahti, Gabriella; Velez, Christian; Toney, Michael F.; Zhu, Kai; McGehee, Michael D.; Berry, Joseph J.; Palmstrom, Axel F.

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.009

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Here, by employing a PEIE interlayer, processed following the previously outlined procedure, [ 29 ] the fracture energy of tandem‐equivalent stacks was improved to 2.5 J m −2 , corresponding to a more than doubling compared with control stacks without PEIE (Figure S13b, Supporting Information). This demonstrates that a better buffer layer quality can improve the fracture toughness of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, likely by reducing sputtering damage.…”

Section: Mitigation: the Role Of C60 Buffer Layer Quality Sputtering ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Delamination in Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Modules

Bristow,

Li,

Babics

et al. 2024

Solar RRL

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As perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells head toward industrialization, one emerging challenge relates to the mechanical reliability of these organic–inorganic multilayer devices. Herein, the fracture toughness and interfacial strength of monolithic p–i–n perovskite/silicon tandems are assessed in the context of module integration. While the weakest layer in the tandem stack investigated is found to be C60, used here as electron‐transport layer (interfacial tensile strength of 0.64 MPa), more concerningly, the fracture energy of the C60/tin‐oxide interface is found to be only 1.2 J m−2. The low fracture toughness of perovskite/silicon tandems can encourage crack propagation and large‐scale delamination during processes used for their integration into modules such as cell cutting, interconnection, and vacuum lamination. By improving the tin oxide buffer layer properties and reducing sputtering‐induced internal stress (associated with the transparent top electrode deposition onto the tin the oxide buffer layer), the fracture energy is improved to over 160 J m−2. A second strategy to mitigate delamination due to the low fracture toughness of the cells is tailoring encapsulation and cell processing techniques specifically toward the perovskite/silicon tandem technology. In this work, a critical reliability issue, relevant for any perovskite‐based optoelectronic technology requiring device packaging, is addressed.

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Section: Mitigation: the Role Of C60 Buffer Layer Quality Sputtering ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating Delamination in Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Modules

Bristow,

Li,

Babics

et al. 2024

Solar RRL

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“…Environmental factors, such as light, heat, moisture, and oxygen, can accelerate perovskite degradation with the formation of PbI 2 , reduction/oxidation reactions that form Pb(0) and I 2 (gas), − structural rearrangements into nonphotoactive materials, or the release of volatile organic components . Several effective methods to improve stability include the use of redox shuttles to reverse halide oxidation/metal reduction, , physical barrier layers to prevent oxygen/moisture ingress, and grain boundary and surface passivation to nullify the reactivity of defects …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture Uptake Relaxes Stress in Metal Halide Perovskites at the Expense of Stability

McAndrews,

Guo,

Kaczaral

et al. 2024

ACS Energy Lett.

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Previous studies have shown that the degradation rate of metal halide perovskites in an ambient atmosphere increases with the amount of tensile stress, which primarily arises from the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch with the substrate. In this work, we show the first evidence of tensile stress relaxation in perovskite films resulting from moisture uptake. Indeed, for multiple perovskite compositions we observe that tension relaxes rapidly in ambient conditions, as compared to inert conditions, with quartz crystal microbalance measurements showing a mass density increase on a similar time scale indicative of moisture uptake. The uptake of moisture at free surfaces, including grain boundaries, can reduce tension in a constrained film, similar to how adatom diffusion reduces residual stress following thin film formation. Unfortunately, the uptake of moisture can catalyze other degradation mechanisms such as PbI 2 formation or a transition to a nonperovskite structural phase. Stress-induced uptake of moisture is an especially important problem for all-inorganic perovskites because they are annealed at much higher temperatures, causing high tensile stress. It explains the unusually poor ambient stability of these perovskites. Using a diethyl ether antisolvent bath to attach CsPbI 2 Br to the substrate at a much lower temperature, we reduced the initial tensile strain from 0.43 ± 0.04% to 0.12 ± 0.05%, thus reducing the driving force for moisture uptake and improving its ambient phase stability by over a factor of 15.

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Fusing Science with Industry: Perovskite Photovoltaics Moving Rapidly into Industrialization

Wei,

Zheng,

Liu

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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The organic‐inorganic lead halide perovskite materials have emerged as highly promising contenders in the field of photovoltaic technology, offering exceptional efficiency and cost‐effectiveness. The commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics hinges on successfully transitioning from lab‐scale perovskite solar cells to large‐scale perovskite solar modules (PSMs). However, the efficiency of PSMs significantly diminishes with increasing device area, impeding commercial viability. Central to achieving high‐efficiency PSMs is fabricating uniform functional films and optimizing interfaces to minimize energy loss. In this review, we shed light on the path towards large‐scale PSMs, emphasizing the pivotal role of integrating cutting‐edge scientific research with industrial technology. By exploring scalable deposition techniques and optimization strategies, we reveal the advancements and challenges in fabricating large‐area perovskite films. Subsequently, we delve into the architecture and contact materials of PSMs while addressing pertinent interface issues. Crucially, we analyze efficiency loss during scale‐up and stability risks encountered by PSMs. Furthermore, we highlight the advancements in industrial efforts towards perovskite commercialization, emphasizing the perspective of PSMs in revolutionizing renewable energy. By highlighting the scientific and technical challenges in developing PSMs, we stress the importance of combining science and industry to drive their industrialization and pave the way for future advancements.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Improving the barrier properties of tin oxide in metal halide perovskite solar cells using ozone to enhance nucleation

Cited by 13 publications

References 50 publications

Mitigating Delamination in Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Modules

Mitigating Delamination in Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Modules

Moisture Uptake Relaxes Stress in Metal Halide Perovskites at the Expense of Stability

Fusing Science with Industry: Perovskite Photovoltaics Moving Rapidly into Industrialization

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