Improving the consistency of usage labelling in dictionaries with TEI Lex?0

Abstract

This paper analyzes the application of usage labels in three representative lexicographic works, namely the Portuguese, Spanish, and French Academy Dictionaries as a starting point for creating a consistent classifcation of usage labels and their encoding in accordance with TEI Lex-0. The use of labels is not always entirely consistent within individual dictionaries and even less so across diferent lexicographic projects. This makes the tasks of accurately classifying and encoding them quite diffcult. This difculty is compounded by the diferences and partial incompatibilities found in the lexicographic literature on the treatment of diasystemic information. We address the existing literature and the initial classifcation of TEI Lex-0, and argue for the need to introduce some changes to TEI Lex-0, most notably in terms of diatextual labels. Finally, we argue that the existing classifcations based on examples rather than on clear and explicit defnitions of classifcation categories will always lack in precision and lead to mutually incompatible encodings of diferent dictionaries. We propose a set of defnitions for usage label categories that can be adopted by TEI Lex-0 and used in other similar attempts to create interoperable lexical resources. An agreement on usage label categories is a frst and necessary step before proceeding in the direction of harmonizing and standardizing the actual values of usage labels across various dictionaries and across diferent languages.

Exploring Etymology and Language Contact Through Digital Lexicographical Encoding: The Dictionary of Loanwords in the Midrash Genesis Rabbah (DLGenR)

“…Further, the DLGenR encoding also profits from another new feature of TEI Lex-0, namely the detailed differentiation of usage labels (cf. Salgado et al 2019):…”

Encoding polylexical units with TEI Lex-o: A case study

“…Dictionaries by design describe systematised knowledge about words and their meanings through typographic conventions that are imbued with meaning and affected by a long tradition: the use of bold typefaces to signal the lemma or headword in a dictionary article; the use of abbreviations (especially in print dictionaries) for grammatical features or usage labels (Salgado et al, 2019a); the numbering of senses and the use of different typefaces for different elements in the hierarchy (definitions, examples, etc.). Experienced dictionary users can become quite proficient at understanding and navigating the structure of the dictionary by interpreting the dictionary's typographic features and the way these features may differ from one dictionary to another.…”

Ontologie des marques de domaines appliquée aux dictionnaires de langue générale

“…Aujourd'hui la version PDF du DPLC a été convertie en XML à l'aide d'une version personnalisée du schéma P5 de TEI. Le DLPC est actuellement en cours de conversion au format TEI Lex-0 à des fins d'interopérabilité des données (Salgado et al, 2019b). Cette version préliminaire du dictionnaire est disponible sous forme de base de données et constitue le point de cette recherche en cours.…”