Improving the conspicuity and safety of pedestrians and cyclists on night-time roads

Wood, Joanne M.

doi:10.1080/08164622.2023.2174001

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Second, walking with traffic could interact with age to increase pedestrian fatalities, particularly among elderly pedestrians. Research [21,22] has pointed out that clothing with retroreflective materials can make pedestrians, particularly elderly pedestrians, more conspicuous. Additionally, we recommend that pedestrians, especially older pedestrians, should walk against traffic, which may enhance the effectiveness of their reflective clothing and increases their conspicuity, consequently reducing their fatality risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking against traffic and pedestrian injuries in the United Kingdom: new insights

Widodo,

Chen,

Chan

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Background Studies from Finland and Taiwan have shown that walking against traffic was beneficial for reducing pedestrian crashes and fatalities. This study examined whether such beneficial effects are consistent across various circumstances. Methods This study aimed to investigate pedestrian fatalities in walking-against or with-traffic crashes by analysing the UK STATS19 crash data for the period between 1991 and 2020. We firstly employed Chi-square tests to examine risk factors for pedestrian injury severity. These variables were then incorporated into stepwise logistic regression models with multiple variables. We subsequently conducted joint effect analysis to investigate whether the beneficial effects of walking against traffic on injury severity vary across different situations. Results Our data contained 44,488 pedestrian crashes, of which 16,889 and 27,599 involved pedestrians walking against and with traffic, respectively. Pedestrians involved in with-traffic crashes were more likely to sustain fatalities (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.542; confidence interval [CI] = 1.139–1.927) compared with those in walking against-traffic crashes. The detrimental effect of walking with traffic on fatalities appeared to be more pronounced in darkness-unlit conditions (AOR = 1.48; CI = 1.29–1.70), during midnight hours (00:00–06:59 am) (AOR = 1.60; CI = 1.37–1.87), in rural areas (AOR = 2.20; CI = 1.92–2.51), when pedestrians were elderly (≥ 65 years old) (AOR = 2.65, CI = 2.16–3.26), and when heavy goods vehicles were crash partners (AOR = 1.51, CI = 1.28–1.78). Conclusions Walking against traffic was beneficial in reducing pedestrian fatalities compared with walking with traffic. Furthermore, such a beneficial effect was more pronounced in darkness-unlit conditions, at midnights (00:00–06:59 am), in rural areas, when pedestrians were elderly, and when heavy goods vehicles struck pedestrians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking against traffic and pedestrian injuries in the United Kingdom: new insights

Widodo,

Chen,

Chan

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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“…Due to their inherent properties, researchers have experimented with these materials to understand their ability to enhance the visibility, recognition, and conspicuity of the road user. For example, recent review studies by Wood 7 and Seidu et al 5 and field experiment studies by Black et al, 8 Babi c et al, 9 Black et al, 10 and Fylan et al 4 have highlighted the importance of attaching these RR materials as strips around the movable joints of the body. This practice, known as "biomotion configuration," aims to improve the recognition of the human body silhouette and visibility by the driver on the road at night-time.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of performance properties of retro-reflective woven fabrics made with retro-reflective yarns and natural yarns

Seidu,

Jiang

2023

Textile Research Journal

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Retro-reflective (RR) materials have been the subject of recent interest largely due to their ability to ensure personal safety on the road. Their use limits vehicle–pedestrian collisions, especially at night-time. Studies have mainly developed RR textiles for aesthetics and reported on their appearance performance accordingly. This study, however, investigates the mechanical and functional properties of RR fabrics produced with RR yarns and natural yarns. The results reveal that the woven fabrics have radiative cooling effects to transmit body heat to the environment, and a good ultraviolet protection rating (15–35) with a transmittance rate below 6% depending on the weave structure. The contact angle measurements reveal that the surface of these fabrics is hydrophobic or has low wettability. The total hand value for the fabric shows their suitability for men’s dress shirts in the winter or thin women’s dresses.

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Driving vision research

Efron

2023

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Improving the conspicuity and safety of pedestrians and cyclists on night-time roads

Cited by 6 publications

References 63 publications

Walking against traffic and pedestrian injuries in the United Kingdom: new insights

Walking against traffic and pedestrian injuries in the United Kingdom: new insights

Analysis of performance properties of retro-reflective woven fabrics made with retro-reflective yarns and natural yarns

Driving vision research

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