Improving the damage tolerance of composite T-joints using shape memory alloy tufts

Khor, WeeLiam; Ravindran, Anil R.; Ciampa, Francesco; Ladani, Raj B.; Limprapuwiwattana, Manatsawee; Whitton, Pete; Foreman, A; Meeks, Charlotte; Steele, Alan; Cooper, T. E.; Rider, Andrew N.; Mouritz, A.P.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107474

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The tufted rows were 3.3 mm apart in the length direction and 5.16 mm apart in the width direction, with the loops measuring approximately 2 mm. A study of optimal design for the T-joint with varying tufting parameters was performed by Khor et al [21]. Tuft loops were kept short to prevent interference between tuft rows.…”

Section: Composite T-joint Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, some solutions have been explored to mitigate the problem of low out-of-plane delamination resistance, such as the incorporation of foreign materials in the out-of-plane direction as reinforcement material (e.g., stainless-steel [12][13][14][15] and carbon yarns [16][17][18][19][20]). These additions resulted in increased mechanical integrity, where higher delamination resistance was observed [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SMAs also exhibit the shape memory effect, so that their combined thermo-electrical and thermo-mechanical properties make them suitable for a wide range of applications [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Studies have shown that by using SMAs for the out-of-plane reinforcement of CFRP composites, in addition to the improvement in delamination resistance, SMAs tufted within the laminate exhibited crack closure properties [21,22,38]. Particularly, the application of electrical current induced the Joule effect in SMA wires, which in turn activated the shape memory effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material-Enabled Impact Detection and Damage Localisation System Using Shape Memory Alloy Tufted Composites

Adeyemi,

Khor,

Ciampa

2023

Sensors

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Shape memory alloy (SMA) tufted composites have shown a significant improvement of the mechanical strength, fracture toughness, and delamination resistance of structural joints. This paper investigated the self-sensing functionality of SMA tufted carbon/epoxy composite T-joints to enable in situ strain monitoring for the detection of low-velocity impacts. Indeed, large deformations in the tufted composite due to impacts caused abrupt changes in electrical resistance of SMA filaments, which were used to trigger the detection system. An Arduino Mega controller was programmed to simultaneously extract and process real-time electrical resistance recordings from SMA tufts during impact tests conducted at 5 J and 10 J. Experimental results showed that the proposed SMA-enabled detection system can capture accurately the time of the impact and localise the delamination onset, thus demonstrating the truly multifunctional capabilities of proposed SMA tufted composites.

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Section: Composite T-joint Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Material-Enabled Impact Detection and Damage Localisation System Using Shape Memory Alloy Tufted Composites

Adeyemi,

Khor,

Ciampa

2023

Sensors

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“…Khor et al presented a new approach to improve the structural properties and damage tolerance of fiber-reinforced polymer composite joints by tufting using shape memory alloy (SMA) filaments. By strengthening the T-shaped connections made from carbon-epoxy composite material with thin SMA (Ni-Ti nitinol) tufts, they determined the ultimate load, ultimate displacement and absorbed energy capacity of the reinforced T connection [7]. Stickler and Ramulu produced cross-stitched T-joints using fiber splicing process and PR520 hardened epoxy resin and investigated their mechanical behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Deltoid Radius on Tensile Load in T-joints

Albayrak

2024

Firat University Journal of Experimental and Computational Engineering

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In this study, T-shaped joints were designed from composites with different deltoid radius. For this purpose, carbon fiber woven fabrics were preferred as reinforcement elements. Then, tensile analyzes were performed on these composite T-joints. The effect of the deltoid radius on the maximum tensile load and damage behavior of the structure was examined. As a result of the analyses, fiber tensile-compression damage images occurring in the structure for each deltoid radius were obtained along with the load-displacement graph. The Hashin damage criterion was preferred for damage onset. Material Property Degradation (MPDG) method was used for damage progression in progressive damage analysis. By increasing the deltoid radius from 6 mm to 12 mm, the maximum contact load increased by approximately 10%, and by increasing it to 18 mm, the maximum contact load increased by approximately 20.11%. Fiber compression damage, spread over a wide area on the lower surface of the flange where it does not come into contact with the web, was determined to be the dominant damage type, and it was determined that this damage decreased with the increase of the deltoid radius. it was observed that as the deltoid radius increases, the T-jointed composite structure exhibits more rigid material behavior.

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“…9,10 Therefore, composite T-joints, which is one of the most common connection methods, are widely used in primary and secondary structural components, including wind turbine blades, aircraft wings, and naval vessels, to transmit complex loads between orthogonal structural members. 11 In general, the T-joints are vulnerable to delamination especially in the joints such as web/flange junctions due to load transfer demand. 12 As a result, traditional riveting and bolting techniques have been extensively adopted for the bonded T-joint structures to ensure structural integrity and meet airworthiness requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and simulative investigation on the mechanical behavior of GFRP T‐joints subjected to low‐velocity‐impact and post‐impact tensile loading

Jin,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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To investigate the failure mechanism of the composite T‐joints subjected to low‐velocity‐impact (LVI) loading varying impact locations, a methodology composed of improved conventional vacuum‐assisted resin infusion (VARI) and LVI testing based on ASTM D 7136 is developed and employed. Moreover, the simulation is conducted to mainly reveal the damage evolution of interlaminar delamination between web and web/skin laminate based on surface‐based cohesive behavior in the commercial software of Abaqus 2020. Further, the effect of LVI loading with various distances from the web laminate to the impact location on the mechanical property and failure mode of the composite T‐joints are presented and discussed as well. By comparison, larger vertical cracks and higher residual tensile strength are found in the T‐joints impacting the corner. However, the T‐joints with the impact point near the corner have lower residual tensile strength and suffer more interlaminar delamination in the interface between web and skin, which is the most critical position of failure.Highlights GFRP T‐joints are manufactured by the vacuum‐assisted resin infusion process with a newly designed mold. The damage evolution in low‐velocity‐impact tests is presented via the quasi‐static tests and finite element simulation. Larger vertical cracks and higher residual tensile strength are found in the T‐joints impacting the corner. The T‐joints with the impact point near the corner have lower residual tensile strength. Interlaminar delamination in the interface between web and skin is the most critical factor of tensile failure.

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Improving the damage tolerance of composite T-joints using shape memory alloy tufts

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Material-Enabled Impact Detection and Damage Localisation System Using Shape Memory Alloy Tufted Composites

Material-Enabled Impact Detection and Damage Localisation System Using Shape Memory Alloy Tufted Composites

Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Deltoid Radius on Tensile Load in T-joints

Experimental and simulative investigation on the mechanical behavior of GFRP T‐joints subjected to low‐velocity‐impact and post‐impact tensile loading

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