This research aims to enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic systems by proposing two innovative methods for maximum power point tracking (MPPT). We used the beluga whale optimization (BWO) algorithm, so we can adjust the gain of the PI controller. Volatility around MPP and failure accuracy under rapidly changing isolation are among the known drawbacks of traditional MPPT algorithms. To overcome these drawbacks, we proposed a theory that combines Perturb and Observe (P&O) with BWO, based on the controller of proportional integration (PI) and fractional order proportional integration (FOPI). The study compares the new techniques with existing traditional algorithms such as P&O and IC in terms of their efficiency, complexity and ease of implementation. Simulation tests conducted using Matlab indicate that the proposed hybrid FOPI-BWO method achieves an average tracking efficiency of about 97.05% and a voltage gain of 2.348, in the PI-BWO method it achieves an efficiency of 96.12% and a voltage gain of 2.322, and the IC-MPPT theory achieves an efficiency of 95.5% and a voltage gain of 2.261. , while the P&O-MPPT theory achieved an efficiency of 94.02% and a voltage gain of 2.241.It is clear that the two proposed algorithms perform better than traditional algorithms in terms of energy overshoot, ripple, and response time.