This paper presents the results of development of nano-scale multi-layered composite coatings, that modifies contact processes of ceramic cutting tools in order to reduce the brittle fracture of cutting edges and to ensure balance wear of tool contact areas during dry high-speed cutting of hardened steels. The technology of filtered cathodic vacuum arc deposition was used to produce modifying coatings. This technology provided the possibility to form nano scale multi-layered composite coatings (NMCC) with improved physical and mechanical properties and adhesion strength to ceramic substrate. This work used thermodynamic criteria to evaluate the selected composition of NMCC, and studied crystal-chemical, physical, mechanical and cutting properties and wear mechanisms of NMCC. The Ti-TiAlN-ZrNbTiAlN coating structure was deposited on various ceramic Al2O3, Al2O3-TiC and Si3N4 substrates. It is shown that wear mechanism of a ceramic tool with developed coatings is connected with adhesive-fatigue processes, and the development of wear centres on rake and flank faces of the tool is of balanced nature without typical brittle chips. It was found that during high-speed longitudinal turning of hardened steel X153CrMoV12, the tool life of a ceramic tool of Al2O3-TiC -Ti-(TiAl)N-(ZrNbTiAl)N was up to 1.5 times longer than the tool life of uncoated tools and up to 1.3 times longer than the tool life of tools with PVD coating Ti-TiAlN.