Improving the electrochemical desalination performance of chloride-doped polyaniline activated carbon electrode by tuning the synthesis method

Asymmetric Fe2+/Fe3+-Mediated Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization for the Removal of Chloride Ions in Reclaimed Water

“…Figure S5b showed the survey of the samples, which showed a similar peak shape. The peaks of C 1s and O 1s were almost unchanged as seen in Figures S5c and S4d 3,19,50 The XPS results also demonstrated that AC was not oxidized. This stable operation of FCDI was attributed to the voltage drop across all components of the FCDI cell.…”

“…The peaks of C 1s and O 1s were almost unchanged as seen in Figures S5c and S4d. The distributions of the peaks in Figure S5c correspond to C–C, C–O, CO, and O–CO with binding energies of 284.8 eV, 286.28 eV, 288.68, and 290.58 eV, respectively. ,− The distribution of the peaks in Figure S5d corresponds to C–OH and CO with binding energies of 532.48 and 536.28 eV, respectively. ,, The XPS results also demonstrated that AC was not oxidized. This stable operation of FCDI was attributed to the voltage drop across all components of the FCDI cell .…”

Enhancing capacitive deionization for water desalination: the role of activated carbon in contaminant removal

“…Pseudocapacitive materials such as transition metal oxides (RuO 2 , MnO 2 ) and conductive polymers (polyaniline, polypyrrole) can consequently improve the charge storage capacity of AC electrodes. 147 Hence, the high surface area and porosity of AC can be made use of for EDL capacitance by the integration of such materials with AC and the presence of additional components can bring pseudocapacitance. This synergistic effect not only increases the total charge storage capacity but also increases the energy efficiency and the rate capability of the CDI process.…”

Investigation of capacitive deionization process parameters on salt adsorption capacity via experimental design approach

“…These groups cause weak pseudo reactions that actually benefit the performance of carbon electrodes in CDI [9]. In order to develop functional groups on the surface of ACs, there are commonly used chemical activation techniques including chloride-dipping [10], sulfuric acid functionalization [9], activation with iron(III) chloride [11] and zinc chloride [12] as well as potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation [13][14][15]. Using KOH as the activating agent for chemically activating different carbon sources holds great promise due to its lower activation temperature, higher yields, and the resulting porous carbons with a well-defined micropore size distribution and high specific surface area [14].…”