Improving the electrochemical oxidation of formic acid by tuning the electronic properties of Pd-based bimetallic nanoparticles

Hu, Shuozhen; Che, Fanglin; Khorasani, Bita; Jeon, Mina; Yoon, Chang Won; McEwen, Jean‐Sabin; Scudiero, Louis; Ha, Su

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2019.03.072

Cited by 78 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Multi-metallic nanoparticles including bi- and tri- metals have been considered as a new category of attractive advanced materials due to their enhanced catalytic properties compared with their individual components [1–4]. They modified the electronic structure of metals which enables to tune the binding energy between catalysts and reaction intermediate, thus and generated the synergistic effect which can enhance the catalytic activity and durability [5–7]. These multi-metallic nanoparticles can also be a good catalyst for various tandem reactions which need more than two catalysts, and enhance the catalytic properties by formation of interconnecting area between two metals [8–10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile aqueous-phase synthesis of Ag–Cu–Pt–Pd quadrometallic nanoparticles

et al. 2019

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Ag–Cu–Pt–Pd quadrometallic nanoparticles which small Pt and Pd nanoparticles were attached on the surface of AgCu Janus nanoparticles were firstly synthesized by sequential reduction of Pt and Pd precursor in the presence of Janus AgCu bimetallic nanoparticles as seeds in an aqueous solution. Even though there was a small amount of Cu2O on the surface, the synthesized nanoparticles were mainly composed of four independent metallic part, not alloy parts. By theoretical calculation and growth mechanism study, we found that different reducing rate between Ag+ and Cu2+ and sequential reduction of Pt and Pd precursors would be key roles for the formation of the quadrometallic nanoparticles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile aqueous-phase synthesis of Ag–Cu–Pt–Pd quadrometallic nanoparticles

et al. 2019

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“…As Table 3 shows, the crystallite sizes of Pd were larger than those of Pd/Cs. The influence of the crystallite size in this study was negligible, ranging between 13.4 and 17.0 nm, because the effect of particles larger than 10 nm is not significant on the FAOR activity [29]. The BET surface area of Pd/KECNF was higher than that of Pd/VECNF.…”

Section: Characterization Of Pd/cb Embedded In Carbon Nanofibers Withmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The larger particle size of Pd may affect the FAOR activity; however, this is not a decisive factor for a high electro-catalytic activity especially in this study. The effect of particle size on FAOR in this study is less important because the particle size is larger than 10 nm for Pd/KECNF and Pd/VECNF [29]. Moreover, there was a higher ECSA value in Pd/KECNF and Pd/VECNF compared to Pd/CB despite the smaller crystallite size of Pd/CB, which was caused by the Pd particles in Pd/CB being hidden in the macropore of Pd/CB, which was attributed to low Pd utilization.…”

Section: Formic Acid Oxidation Reaction On Carbon Black Embedded In Cmentioning

confidence: 83%

The Origins of the High Performance of Pd Catalysts Supported on Carbon Black-Embedded Carbon Nanofiber for Formic Acid Oxidation

et al. 2019

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In this study, we developed a carbon black (CB)-embedded carbon nanofiber (CNF) as a Pd support, which showed a high level of formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) activity. For the support preparation, heat treatment involving calcination at 1000 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere (carbonization) followed by calcination at 850 °C in water vapor (steam activation) was conducted to form a CB, which contained carbon nanofibers made from a polyacrolynitrile (PAN) fiber prepared by electrospinning. This catalyst showed a high level of FAOR activity. In this situation, the CB was also heat-treated, therefore, it was unclear whether the origin of the high FAOR activity of the CB-embedded CNF was caused by the CNF itself or the heat treatment of the CB. In order to establish the cause of the high FAOR activity of the CB-embedded CNF, the CBs underwent several heat treatments; i.e., stabilization, carbonization, and steam activation. Two types of carbon black with different pore structures, i.e., Ketjen black and Vulcan XC-72, were used to investigate the FAOR activity. The appropriate heat treatment of the CB promotes the improved FAOR activity; however, excessive heat treatment caused a deterioration in the FAOR activity, especially for Ketjen due to the presence of numerous micropores. However, by embedding the CB into the CNF, the FAOR activity improved, especially in the case of Ketjen, even though the embedded CB underwent several heat treatments. The optimum ratio of CB/PAN in the CB-embedded CNF was also investigated. The highest FAOR activity was observed at 0.25 CB/PAN for both the Vulcan and Ketjen. The electronic state of Pd3d in which the binding energy of the metallic Pd shifted to a lower binding energy suggested that the metal–support interaction is strong at the CB/PAN ratio of 0.25. On the basis of these results, it was found that heat treatment of the CB by embedding it in the CNF is a promising way to achieve a metal–support interaction without destroying its structure.

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“…1 Due to the outstanding advantages of cleanliness and high energy density, proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) can effectively alleviate the above mentioned problems. 2,3 However, although PEMFCs have been studied intensively since the 1960s, their inherent limitations still exist. 4 For example, the anode has the following prominent problems: unsatisfied safety, high fuel crossover, high cost of catalysts, low durability, and great loss of power density and cell efficiency due to the polarization and slow reaction kinetics of organic small molecular fuels in the electro-oxidation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%