Improving the energy efficiency of ground-source heat pump systems in heating dominated school buildings: A case study in Belgium

Allaerts, Koen; Koussa, Jad Al; Desmedt, Johan; Salenbien, Robbe

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.09.046

Cited by 41 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…More work is also needed to compare our benchmark models results with estimation of the nZEB-tool developed by the PHPP [85]. We expect that the use of multi-zone dynamic simulation models would lead to less discrepancy between the assumed modeling input and real occupancy and operation conditions in relation to ventilation systems and air change rates [86].…”

Section: Implications For the Practice And Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing two benchmark models for nearly zero energy schools

2020

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Development of two Belgian benchmark models for nearly Zero Energy Schools.• Average energy use intensity per school (primary and secondary) was 59 and 42 kWh/m 2 /year.• Models validated with four-year monitoring data on energy consumption.• Nearly Zero Energy Schools needs are cooling and electricity dominated.• Findings on energy needs and use intensity are useful in temperate and continental climates.The aim of this study is to develop an energy performance data set and two building performance simulation benchmark models for high performance schools in Belgium. The study reports the results of an inventory and field survey conducted on nearly Zero Energy Schools (nZES) and Passive House Schools (PHS) constructed after year 2013. An analysis of energy consumption (electricity and natural gas) and a walkthrough survey were conducted during May 2018. The energy consumption analysis was done for the occupancy period of 2015-2018 based on monthly consumption data. Two building performance simulation models are created in EnergyPlus to benchmark the average energy consumption and building characteristics. The validity of the estimate has been further checked against the public statistics and verified through model calibration and utility bill comparison. The paper provides a timely opportunity to evaluate the real performance of nZES, in relation to design assumptions and how schools' professionals can turn the energy performance gap challenge to their advantage. The findings on energy needs and use intensity are useful in temperate and continental climates.

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Section: Implications For the Practice And Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing two benchmark models for nearly zero energy schools

2020

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“…In [51], the authors unveiled the IntUBE research project and how it will supposedly 'contribute to the development of virtual (collaborative) life cycle building tools'. In another case-study [52], one interesting example of the HVAC optimization is presented: in this Belgium school, 'the HVAC system was optimized by integrating an additional cooling coil in the exhaust airflow of the air handling unit in order to recuperate waste heat from the exhaust ventilation air'. Nonetheless, both 'school building and HVAC system were modeled'.…”

Section: The Essential Role Of Bmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving energy use in schools: from IEQ towards energy-efficient planning—method and in-field application to two case studies

2018

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Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and energy conservation in schools are complex challenges. A significant part of the energy demand in these buildings addresses ventilation and temperature indoors. When confronted with money/energy constraints, the tendency of school boards is to cut on IEQ requirements, compromising the comfort of the occupants or worse, their health. Besides local energy production, either electrical or heating, major focus on Building Management Systems' (BMS) operation has been suggested, aiming at developing evidence-based energy conservation measures.Based on two field-studies, a joint approach of energy and IEQ auditing was developed, establishing a stateof-the-art of the current situation of the secondary schools in Portugal. The present study aims at enhancing energy efficiency in schools unveiling that it is possible to improve the HVAC systems' operation and optimize energy use and costs, while maintaining good environmental conditions. This paper also seeks to contribute to the implementation of Energy Efficiency Plans (EEP) in school buildings, presenting a comprehensive methodological approach on energy consumption in this typology of buildings, centered on the fundamental role of BMS and their proper programming. The obtained results show that there is a considerable potential for reducing energy consumption and improving energy usein one of the schools by simply adjusting the BMS operation schedule, a decrease between 20 -36 % of the useful thermal energy consumption is expected (14.1 -24.7 kWh/m 2 ); in other occasions, a significant IEQ improvement is expected due to longer HVAC running period.

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the heat pump system performance in order to make such pumps more energy efficient. Some of the techniques used to improve the heat pump system performance have been used in research [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Vahid et al [10] published a concise review of different control strategies of saving energy in heat pump systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Analysis on the Optimum Control of a Calorimeter with a Heat Recovery Unit for a Heat Pump

Amoabeng

Choi

2018

Energies

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Abstract:Heat pumps are used in many applications, both in households and industries, for space air conditioning and hot water provision. The calorimeter is the equipment used in testing the heat pump system to obtain performance data. In the conventional testing mode and under standard conditions, the calorimeter utilizes a lot of energy through refrigeration and heating systems. In this study, a newly developed calorimeter with a heat recovery unit was used to test the performance of a water-to-water heat pump system. The aim was to minimize the rate of energy used in the conventional calorimeter. Two heat recovery control methods were adopted. In the control (1), the heat recovery unit was used to control the inlet water temperature setpoint for the heat pump indoor heat exchanger, whereas in control (2), the heat recovery unit was used to control the inlet water temperature setpoint for the heat pump outdoor heat exchanger. Tests were executed by varying the operating mode and test conditions. For the heating operating mode, the inlet water setpoint temperatures for the indoor and outdoor heat pump heat exchangers were 40 • C and 5 • C, respectively, whereas for the cooling mode, the inlet water setpoint temperatures for the outdoor and indoor heat pump heat exchangers were 25 • C and 12 • C, respectively. The analyses of the experimental results revealed that the energy saving of the calorimeter with heat recovery was about 71% in cooling mode and 73% in heating mode compared to the conventional calorimeter. Also, the energy consumption of the proposed calorimeter was analyzed based on the control methods. In heating mode, the calorimeter performance was enhanced when the control (2) strategy was used because the energy saving was about 8 to 13% compared to control (1). However, in the cooling mode test, it was the control (1) method that resulted in energy savings of about 6.4 to 21% compared to the control (2) method.

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Improving the energy efficiency of ground-source heat pump systems in heating dominated school buildings: A case study in Belgium

Cited by 41 publications

References 18 publications

Developing two benchmark models for nearly zero energy schools

Developing two benchmark models for nearly zero energy schools

Improving energy use in schools: from IEQ towards energy-efficient planning—method and in-field application to two case studies

Performance Analysis on the Optimum Control of a Calorimeter with a Heat Recovery Unit for a Heat Pump

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