Improving the Interfacial Contact of Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes for Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhu, Shanshan; Tian, Jiaqi; Zhang, Jiejing; Chen, Gao; Liu, Xizhe

doi:10.1021/acsaem.1c00232

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…[29] Similarly, copper (I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) was recently used as HTM in C-PSCs, giving PCEs up to 15.5%. [24,30,31] By application of a press transfer carbon film onto a 2,2 0 ,7,7 0 -tetrakis-(N,N-di-pmethoxyphenylamine)9,9 0 -spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD)coated perovskite, the PCE values of up to 19.4% were achieved [32][33][34][35] and 15.4% for a flexible device. [33] Spiro-OMeTAD requires, however, additional doping with bis(trifluoro-methane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI), 4-tertbutylpyridine (tBP), and cobalt complexes, which is harmful to long-term stability.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/solr202100773mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 22,23 ] In type II C‐PSCs, the CE is deposited on the top of the perovskite layer. This deposition can be done by inkjet printing, screen printing or doctor blading, [ 24,25 ] or by hot pressing of a free‐standing CE film [ 26,27 ] at low temperature (<120 °C). Type II C‐PSCs were first reported in 2014, yielding a device performance of 9% and over 2000 h storage stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells with Low‐Temperature‐Processed Carbon by Introduction of a Doping‐Free Polymeric Hole Conductor

et al. 2021

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have increased tremendously in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) during the short period of their existence, from 3.8% in 2009 to 25.5% currently. [1,2] PSCs are based on lead halide perovskite semiconductors, which have attracted much attention due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties, such as high absorption coefficient with a direct bandgap, which is tunable by modification of their composition, [3] long carrier diffusion length, [4] high carrier mobility, [5] and their versatile fabrication methods, including simple solution processes. [6,7] PSCs can rival with commercial monocrystalline silicon solar cells. Despite the high efficiency of PSCs, the use of hazardous solvents in preparation and the presence of the toxic element lead increase environmental concerns. To minimized adverse effects, green solvent processing [8,9] and encapsulation techniques to avoid lead leakage [10] should be applied. However, long-term stability issues still remain, limiting so far the practical commercialization of PSC technology. [11] In the conventional nÀiÀp device structure of PSCs, the metal back contact, Au (gold) or Ag (silver), give limited stability due to chemical migration of the metals and reaction with the perovskite. [12][13][14] Furthermore, these metals are expensive and need a high-vacuum deposition technique, which makes it costly and energy intensive. As an alternative, a variety of carbon materials, such as carbon black, graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, are suited as contact materials in PSCs. [15,16] These carbon materials possess a work function of about 5.0 eV and allow for PSC fabrication at low temperature (<120 C). [17] In addition, carbon electrodes (CEs) offer advantages such as low cost and vacuumfree preparation, as well as giving superior stability, by acting as a moisture barrier and by suppressing ion migration. [18][19][20] There are two types of C-PSCs. Type I C-PSCs have a mesoscopic n-i-p architecture and are typically prepared by screen printing porous layers of TiO 2 , insulator (ZrO 2 , Al 2 O 3 ), and carbon, which are heated at a high temperature (≈450 C) and subsequently infiltrated with a perovskite precursor solution. Initial reports from 2013 yielded devices with a PCEs of 6.6%, [21] which improved to 17.0-17.5% in recent years. [22,23] In type II C-PSCs, the CE is deposited on the top of the perovskite layer.

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Section: Doi: 101002/solr202100773mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells with Low‐Temperature‐Processed Carbon by Introduction of a Doping‐Free Polymeric Hole Conductor

et al. 2021

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“… 6 , 13 Carbon also has a work function of 5.0 eV, which is comparable to those of Au (5.1 eV) and Ag (4.6 eV). 14 The most common carbon materials used in the fabrication of PSCs are carbon black, 15 carbon nanotubes, 16 carbon ink, 17 commercial carbon paste, 18 , 19 spongy carbon, 20 and graphite. 21 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphite/Carbon Black Counter Electrode Deposition Methods to Improve the Efficiency and Stability of Hole-Transport-Layer-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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The interfacial compatibility between the graphite/carbon black composite counter electrode (Gr/CB CE) and the perovskite layer is a crucial determinant of the performance of the hole-transport-layer-free carbon-based perovskite solar cells, and judicious selection of the Gr/CB CE application method is essential for achieving an optimum contact. In this work, three different types of Gr/CB CEs application methods are investigated: (1) deposition of Gr/CB on the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate, followed by clamping to the perovskite layer, (2) direct deposition of Gr/CB onto the perovskite layer, and (3) deposition of Gr/CB onto the PbI 2 precursor layer, followed by immersion in methylammonium iodide solution for the in situ conversion of PbI 2 to perovskite. The results revealed that Method 3 produced superior Gr/CB–perovskite contacts, resulting in up to 8.81% power conversion efficiency. The devices prepared using Method 3 also exhibited the best stability in the air, retaining 71.1% of their original efficiency after 1600 h of continuous testing. These results demonstrate that Gr/CB CEs can be considered excellent alternatives to the costly noble metals often employed in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) when deposited using a suitable technique.

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“…This challenge could be tackled through solvent or additive engineering to achieve an ideal carbon/perovskite interface. 117,118 However, inducing the HTL in carbon-based PSC architectures reduces hole recombination at this interface. Besides, the sheet resistance of the carbon electrodes also affects the performance of the PSCs by reducing the V oc and FF parameters.…”

Section: Carbon Materials For Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lamination methods for the fabrication of perovskite and organic photovoltaics

et al. 2022

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Improving the Interfacial Contact of Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes for Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 23 publications

References 31 publications

Improved Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells with Low‐Temperature‐Processed Carbon by Introduction of a Doping‐Free Polymeric Hole Conductor

Improved Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells with Low‐Temperature‐Processed Carbon by Introduction of a Doping‐Free Polymeric Hole Conductor

Graphite/Carbon Black Counter Electrode Deposition Methods to Improve the Efficiency and Stability of Hole-Transport-Layer-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Lamination methods for the fabrication of perovskite and organic photovoltaics

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