Improving the ionic transport properties of graphite anodes for lithium ion batteries by surface modification using nanosecond laser

Sandherr, Jens; Nester, Sara; Kleefoot, Max-Jonathan; Bolsinger, Marius; Weisenberger, Christian; Haghipour, Amir; Harrison, D.K.; Ruck, Simon; Riegel, Harald; Knoblauch, Volker

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.232077

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…3,9 There are different approaches to achieve improved mass-transport: On the one hand, the electrode microstructure can be modified to reduce ionic pathways. 7,11,12,[53][54][55][56][57][58] On the other hand, electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity can be used. 16,17 In this study, we chose an electrolyte with increased ionic conductivity (electrolyte II: 1.4 M LiPF 6 in EC:DEC (3:7 wt) + 2 wt.…”

Section: Cell Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…by laser structuring. 53,[55][56][57][58] Billaud et al 65 magnetically aligned graphite flakes, which have previously treated with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, in thick, high loaded electrodes in an out-of-plane architecture, which highly reduced the electrode tortuosity and increased the charging rate performance. 65 Edging of graphite active material with KOH introduces nano-sized pores on the graphite surface that serve as additional intercalation sites into the graphite layers.…”

Section: Cell Typementioning

confidence: 99%

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Multistep Improvement of Pilot-Scale 21700 Cells for Increased Fast-Charging Capability: Combining Optimized Electrolyte, Cell Design and Fast-Charging Protocol

Hogrefe,

Hölzle,

Wohlfahrt-Mehrens

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this publication, different cell- and charging parameters (advanced fast-charging protocol, 21700 tab design, electrolyte composition) are changed in a systematic step-by-step approach to reduce charging time while keeping the anode and cathode cell chemistry and electrodes (graphite—NMC 622 full cell) unchanged. Preliminary tests were carried out using 3-electrode full cells with a Li metal reference electrode to identify charging conditions that avoid Li metal deposition. In addition, the effects of the anode potential are investigated in 3-electrode full cells with a Li metal reference electrode. The optimized charging protocols from the 3-electrode full cells were then transferred to 2-electrode pilot-scale 21700 full cells. Two different tab designs (1 × 1 welded tabs and 120 × 125 foil tabs) were used in these cells. To improve the charging time further, an electrolyte with higher ionic conductivity was used under the best conditions from the previous tests. Cross-sectional in situ optical microscopy was used to visualize the transport effects within the anode. In the optimized 21700 cell (advanced fast-charging, 120 × 125 foil tabs, better Li+ transport in the electrolyte), the synergistic effects of the three different optimization steps reduced the charging time to 80% SOC by 46% compared to the baseline cell.

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Section: Cell Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Multistep Improvement of Pilot-Scale 21700 Cells for Increased Fast-Charging Capability: Combining Optimized Electrolyte, Cell Design and Fast-Charging Protocol

Hogrefe,

Hölzle,

Wohlfahrt-Mehrens

et al. 2023

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The suspension was dried under infrared lamps (SCT E27R125 IR220/250) for 24 h. The electrodes were prepared following the slurry methodology used in commercial lithium-ion batteries. [70] Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, Nippon, Sunrose MAC 800LC) and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR, Zeon, BM-451B) were utilized as binder system, and carbon black (C65, Imerys, C-Nergy Super C65) as a conductive additive to prepare the active mass together with the synthesized CVO (formulations and final characteristics of the slurries are shown in Table S1 and S2 -Supplementary Information).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ca₂V₂O₇ as an Anode‐Active Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Effect of Conductive Additive and Mass Loading on Electrochemical Performance

et al. 2023

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Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) play a crucial role in using renewable sources. Vanadates have been applied as anode material due to the combined diffusion mechanisms and higher and stable capacities. Despite the interest in vanadates as anode materials, only a few studies have considered Ca2V2O7 (CVO) as an active material for LIBs. This work focuses on the use of CVO as a potential alternative anode‐active material for LIBs. Additionally, we investigate the effect of the conductive additive (C65) on the electrochemical properties of the electrodes, utilizing densified electrodes with a porosity of about 40 %. In doing so, this study provides important insights into new materials for LIBs, where the electrodes were manufactured using the commercial slurry methodology, replacing graphite by CVO – which was synthesized via the Pechini route (D50: 8 μm after milling). In summary, the results reveal that the amount of C65 positively affects the electrode‘s capacity. An increase in specific capacity was observed by up to 30 % using 10 wt.% C65. Such electrodes showed 235 mAh/gAM at C/10 and, when cycled at 1 C, completed 300 cycles with a retained capacity of 39 %. The results demonstrate that CVO might be a promising anode material for LIB energy storage systems.

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“…These structures mainly involve deep structuring, such as the laser-based formation of micro-trenches, the formation of micro-holes or the selective laser ablation of binder components on the electrode surface 6 . All of these structuring approaches showed significant improvements in battery performance compared to untreated references [7][8][9] . This opens up the possibility of a more sustainable use of resources in battery production and operation, for example through significantly increased lifetimes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of process mechanisms in laser-based microstructure adaptation of lithium-ion electrodes by fast IR-emission measurement

Kleefoot,

Martan,

Sandherr

et al. 2024

Laser-Based Micro- And Nanoprocessing XVIII

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Microstructural adaptation of surfaces for the production of highly specialized functionalities is becoming more and more important in many industrial fields due to significantly enhanced product properties. One of these areas is the microstructure adaptation of lithium-ion battery electrodes, which can be improved in many different ways through the modification. However, in order to be able to scale up processes such as selective surface ablation or geometric structure adaptation, fundamental knowledge of process mechanisms as well as beam-matter interactions is necessary. In the present study, geometric structuring for microstructure adaptation of lithium-ion battery electrodes, were investigated using a fast IR measurement technique. With the help of these investigations, it could be shown how a potential ablation mechanism is taking place. This knowledge can support the transformation of such processes from the laboratory scale to a larger production scale. Composite electrodes were used as material, which consist of a large proportion of graphite and a small proportion of polymer binder.

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Improving the ionic transport properties of graphite anodes for lithium ion batteries by surface modification using nanosecond laser

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Multistep Improvement of Pilot-Scale 21700 Cells for Increased Fast-Charging Capability: Combining Optimized Electrolyte, Cell Design and Fast-Charging Protocol

Multistep Improvement of Pilot-Scale 21700 Cells for Increased Fast-Charging Capability: Combining Optimized Electrolyte, Cell Design and Fast-Charging Protocol

Ca₂V₂O₇ as an Anode‐Active Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Effect of Conductive Additive and Mass Loading on Electrochemical Performance

Investigation of process mechanisms in laser-based microstructure adaptation of lithium-ion electrodes by fast IR-emission measurement

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Improving the ionic transport properties of graphite anodes for lithium ion batteries by surface modification using nanosecond laser

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Multistep Improvement of Pilot-Scale 21700 Cells for Increased Fast-Charging Capability: Combining Optimized Electrolyte, Cell Design and Fast-Charging Protocol

Multistep Improvement of Pilot-Scale 21700 Cells for Increased Fast-Charging Capability: Combining Optimized Electrolyte, Cell Design and Fast-Charging Protocol

Ca2V2O7 as an Anode‐Active Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Effect of Conductive Additive and Mass Loading on Electrochemical Performance

Investigation of process mechanisms in laser-based microstructure adaptation of lithium-ion electrodes by fast IR-emission measurement

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Product

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Ca₂V₂O₇ as an Anode‐Active Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Effect of Conductive Additive and Mass Loading on Electrochemical Performance