Improving the LGBTQ2S+ cultural competency of healthcare trainees: Advancing health professional education.

Lee, Matthew; Tasa-Vinyals, Elisabet; Gahagan, Jacqueline

doi:10.36834/cmej.67870

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Inclusive teaching focuses on creating learning environments that enable students to effectively construct knowledge by leveraging student experience, attitude, motivation, confidence, and participation [ 6 , 21 , 22 ]. The findings of our evaluation align with other studies that indicate a desire for more inclusive training and illustrate positive participant perceptions associated with culturally related training [ 8 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Preceptors in our study, for example, indicated that they desired more inclusive training, which aligns with the results of a previous preceptor needs assessment [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Designing an Inclusive Learning Training Series for Pharmacy Educators

et al. 2022

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This article describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of five faculty development sessions focused on inclusive teaching strategies in pharmacy education. Inclusive strategies ensure that every student can clearly understand and engage in meaningful learning opportunities. Three sessions were implemented in fall 2020 and two in spring 2021. Sessions focused on experiential, didactic, and graduate education. A convergent parallel mixed methods evaluation was conducted using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Sessions were highly rated, and participants provided suggestions for curriculum improvement (e.g., creating resources, surveying students, and peer auditing syllabi for aspects of inclusiveness). Given the increasing emphasis on inclusion in pharmacy education, this work is timely for sharing strategies aimed at faculty development and teaching practices.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Designing an Inclusive Learning Training Series for Pharmacy Educators

et al. 2022

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“…Seventy-six percent of studies ( 8 , 13 , 14 , 23 , 28 , 35 – 38 , 48 , 51 , 58 , 59 , 77 , 82 , 94 , 96 , 99 , 109 ) instructed on structural determinants such as structural racism and/or historic oppression of groups so that subjects could explore explicit and implicit biases. All these studies demonstrated an increased awareness of bias, and subjects often voiced a willingness to address their biases.…”

Section: Novel Intervention Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these studies demonstrated an increased awareness of bias, and subjects often voiced a willingness to address their biases. Four studies explored the use of contact with groups with identities such as LGBTQI ( 58 , 59 ) and persons with mental illness ( 27 , 77 ) with positive and negative results, respectively.…”

Section: Novel Intervention Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eliminating Explicit and Implicit Biases in Health Care: Evidence and Research Needs

Vela

Erondu

Smith

et al. 2022

Annu. Rev. Public Health

145

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Health care providers hold negative explicit and implicit biases against marginalized groups of people such as racial and ethnic minoritized populations. These biases permeate the health care system and affect patients via patient–clinician communication, clinical decision making, and institutionalized practices. Addressing bias remains a fundamental professional responsibility of those accountable for the health and wellness of our populations. Current interventions include instruction on the existence and harmful role of bias in perpetuating health disparities, as well as skills training for the management of bias. These interventions can raise awareness of provider bias and engage health care providers in establishing egalitarian goals for care delivery, but these changes are not sustained, and the interventions have not demonstrated change in behavior in the clinical or learning environment. Unfortunately, the efficacy of these interventions may be hampered by health care providers’ work and learning environments, which are rife with discriminatory practices that sustain the very biases US health care professions are seeking to diminish. We offer a conceptual model demonstrating that provider-level implicit bias interventions should be accompanied by interventions that systemically change structures inside and outside the health care system if the country is to succeed in influencing biases and reducing health inequities. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 43 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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“…Although higher levels of knowledge regarding SGM individuals have been found to be correlated with more positive attitudes towards SGM persons [ 9 ], individual cases of discrimination in healthcare can be based on healthcare professionals’ moral convictions and attitudes. Other barriers include high costs, e.g., for the specific interventions transsexual individuals need, lack of availability of specific health services, former negative experiences in healthcare settings, prejudice amongst healthcare professionals, unfavorable communication between healthcare providers and patients, discrimination and stigmatization, and insurance-related issues such as the unwillingness of insurance companies to pay for transgender-related care or gaps in healthcare insurance coverages [ 6 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. There is a considerable systemic aspect to discrimination and the restriction of access to healthcare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restriction of Access to Healthcare and Discrimination of Individuals of Sexual and Gender Minority: An Analysis of Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights from an Ethical Perspective

Skuban

Orzechowski

Steger

2022

IJERPH

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Individuals of sexual and gender minority (SGM) form a vulnerable group with specific healthcare needs that might be prone to experience discrimination and restrictions regarding their access to healthcare. As the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) offer a normative perspective on these issues, we analyzed them systematically (1) to identify whether and in what manner ECtHR’s judgments concern restriction of access to healthcare for SGM individuals and (2) to identify and categorize the ways of discrimination to which SGM individuals are exposed. We conducted a systematic search of the database of the ECtHR’s judgments with the use of specified search terms. Descriptive statistics were performed on the identified judgments. Subsequently, we analyzed the judgments with the use of a qualitative method of thematic analysis. We identified n = 73 cases relevant for our study. In n = 7 (9.59%) of judgments, we found limitations of access to healthcare for SGM individuals, e.g., in cases of restrictions for transsexual individuals to receive hormone or surgical therapy. We regard this as a specific form of discrimination. Furthermore, we identified five other categories of discrimination: restriction of parental rights, failure to respect one’s gender identity/sexual orientation, discrimination by jurisdiction, prohibition of promotion, and verbal/physical attacks. The ECtHR proves to have a balanced view on the sensitive topic of sexual self-determination condemning any form of discrimination or restriction of access to healthcare. However, there is a need for further research on discriminatory acts by other individuals, e.g., healthcare providers, rather than by public authorities.

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Improving the LGBTQ2S+ cultural competency of healthcare trainees: Advancing health professional education.

Cited by 12 publications

References 25 publications

Designing an Inclusive Learning Training Series for Pharmacy Educators

Designing an Inclusive Learning Training Series for Pharmacy Educators

Eliminating Explicit and Implicit Biases in Health Care: Evidence and Research Needs

Restriction of Access to Healthcare and Discrimination of Individuals of Sexual and Gender Minority: An Analysis of Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights from an Ethical Perspective

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