Improving the life-course development of socially disadvantaged mothers: a randomized trial of nurse home visitation.

Olds, David L.; Henderson, Charles; Tatelbaum, Robert; Chamberlin, Robert W.

doi:10.2105/ajph.78.11.1436

Cited by 263 publications

(175 citation statements)

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“…In the next few years after the child's birth, mothers visited by nurses postponed subsequent pregnancies and had increased employment, less reliance on welfare, and were more often living with the child's father. [66][67][68] Mothers' parenting behaviour was generally improved as a result of the intervention, although not consistently across participants or conditions. In the Elmira study, home visits helped mothers reduce punishing or restrictive behaviour towards their infants, but only among those who were teenaged and unmarried, and had low income.…”

Section: Preventive Experiments For Dbdsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Childhood Disruptive Behaviour Disorders: Review of Their Origin, Development, and Prevention

Petitclerc

Tremblay

2009

Can J Psychiatry

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Objective:To review preventive studies of disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs) in light of recent empirical knowledge on their development. Method:We draw on the results of longitudinal studies of children starting in infancy to examine the onset, development, and risk factors for DBD symptoms. We review randomized controlled trials of preventive interventions provided to families before the child is aged 3 years, with reported outcome measures of DBD symptoms at follow-up. Results:Children who present high levels of DBD symptoms start to do so in the first 2 years of life and have risk factors that can be identified in the mother during pregnancy or even earlier, and shortly after the child's birth. Most preventive experiments have started relatively late after birth and have targeted parenting, with weak effects on children's DBDs. Preventive experiments that have provided intensive intervention to at-risk mothers starting during pregnancy have shown important effects in reducing key risk factors and some of the most severe consequences of DBDs. However, even those experiments have not succeeded in preventing childhood DBDs in the home and school contexts. Conclusions:We suggest adopting a sequential, multitarget, intergenerational, experimental approach both to increase our knowledge about causal mechanisms and to increase our effectiveness in curbing DBDs and their serious lifelong consequences.Can J Psychiatry. 2009;54(4):222-231. Clinical Implications· Potentially alterable risk factors for child DBDs are identifiable in the mothers before, during, or shortly after pregnancy. · Serious consequences of DBDs can be prevented when interventions start during pregnancy and target multiple risk factors. Limitations· More experimental preventive interventions are needed during pregnancy and early childhood to understand causal mechanisms and effective interventions. · Experiments need to focus on the interplay between genes and environment, especially environmental effects on gene expression.

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Section: Preventive Experiments For Dbdsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Childhood Disruptive Behaviour Disorders: Review of Their Origin, Development, and Prevention

Petitclerc

Tremblay

2009

Can J Psychiatry

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“…Langham et al 1996). Randomized trials provide limited evidence that both the social risk factors for the common mental disorders, and (in some cases) the prevalence of these conditions, may be reduced by interventions targeted at those who have experienced job loss and unemployment (Price et al 1992), marital separation (Bloom et al 1985), bereavement (Raphael, 1977 ;Vachon et al 1980) and teenage pregnancy in the context of poverty (Olds et al 1988). Another interesting study was a randomized trial of prioritization for re-housing on the grounds of (non-psychotic) mental ill health in Salford (Elton & Packer, 1986).…”

Section: Which Interventions ?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial

Weich

1997

Psychol. Med.

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From a public health perspective, there is probably no more important or daunting challenge than reducing the prevalence of the most common mental disorders, namely anxiety and depression. These disorders have a combined community prevalence rate of between 15% and 30% (Cox et al. 1987; Robins et al. 1991; Goldberg & Huxley, 1992; Kessler et al. 1994; Meltzer et al. 1995) and account for one-third of days lost from work due to ill health (Jenkins, 1985a) and one-fifth of all consultations in general practice in the UK (Williams et al. 1986). The common mental disorders are associated with impairments in physical and social functioning at least as severe those associated with chronic physical illnesses (Wells et al. 1988; Klerman, 1989; Wohlfarth et al. 1993; Ormel & Costa e Silva, 1995; Spitzer et al. 1995; Martin et al. 1996), and a mortality rate nearly twice that of the general population (Murphy et al., 1987; Klerman, 1989; Lloyd et al. 1996). The public health importance of these disorders, even in mild form, is further demonstrated by the finding that low levels of depression resulted in 51% more days lost from work than major depression (Broadhead et al. 1990). The total annual cost of the common mental disorders in the UK may amount to £6 billion, of which two-thirds arises from lost productivity (Croft-Jefferys & Wilkinson, 1989). Despite the availability of simple, cheap and effective treatments (Paykel & Priest, 1992; Effective Health Care, 1993; Brugha, 1995), one study found that the prevalence of these disorders in Britain may have increased recently (Lewis & Wilkinson, 1993).

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“…Poverty elevates a wide variety of risk factors that affect the development of virtually every one of the psychological, behavioral, and health outcomes we seek to affect [28][29][30]. There is some evidence that family interventions can produce small improvements in the family's economic well-being [31,32]. However, given that there is evidence from policy research of policies that can directly reduce family poverty and that increasing family income has preventive benefits [26] and, as we are far from being able to widely and effectively reach the entire populations of families, it would be imprudent to rely solely on program research to address this important problem.…”

Section: Practice and Public Health Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextual analysis and the success of translational research

Biglan

Levin

2016

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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The success of translational research can ultimately be judged by the degree to which it reduces the incidence and prevalence of psychological, behavioral, and physical disorders and the major factors influencing them. In our view, we currently place insufficient emphasis on assessing our impact on the social determinants of disorders. As a result, we are failing to affect the incidence and prevalence of critical disorders. Moreover, translational research fails to take into account the full range of interventions that could significantly reduce the incidence and prevalence of our most pressing disorders. These include policy changes, media, and broad cultural change movements. In this paper, we discuss the momentous achievements the tobacco prevention movement made over the last half-century, describe how the lessons gleaned from this success can apply to other prevention efforts, and contrast this success with progress made in battling other major public health concerns. We call for an expansion of the translational research agenda to develop and evaluate broader and more comprehensive strategies to affect well-being in entire populations. KeywordsContextual analysis, Translational research, Behavioral disorders, Cultural change, Policy, Social structureThe ultimate benefit of translational research will be that it improves human well-being. Specifically, translational research will be successful to the extent that it improves our ability to reduce the incidence and prevalence of psychological, behavioral, and physical disorders and the behavioral and environmental factors that contribute to these disorders.In this paper, we argue that the current thinking about translational research does not sufficiently consider the entire array of influences and interventions that are critical to producing significant reductions in the incidence and prevalence of our most pressing psychological, behavioral, and physical disorders. We believe that current research priorities place too little weight on the identification and experimental evaluation of contextual influences on key public health targets and too little emphasis on assessing our impact on the incidence and prevalence of these targets in entire populations. To explicate this concern, we consider evidence of progress on some major public health concerns and contrast these with progress in reducing cigarette smoking over the past 50 years.

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Improving the life-course development of socially disadvantaged mothers: a randomized trial of nurse home visitation.

Cited by 263 publications

References 37 publications

Childhood Disruptive Behaviour Disorders: Review of Their Origin, Development, and Prevention

Childhood Disruptive Behaviour Disorders: Review of Their Origin, Development, and Prevention

Editorial

Contextual analysis and the success of translational research

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