Improving the Method of Replacing the Defective Sections of Main Oil and Gas Pipelines Using Laser Scanning Data

Abstract

During the operation of main pipelines, many defects occur in the body of the pipe and on its surface. The main method for eliminating such defects is cutting out the defective section and welding a new one in its place. The cutting process is complicated by the possible sharp displacement of the ends of the pipeline located on both sides of the cutting site, which is dangerous for the lives of workers and can lead to breakage of the cutting equipment. In addition, to weld a new section, it is necessary to center the ends of the pipeline until they reach the alignment position, for which heavy, difficult-to-transport pipelayers are used, which allow centering the ends of the pipeline only by lifting them. Ensuring the possibility of such centering often requires additional digging of the repaired pipeline. Moreover, due to the large dimensions of pipelayers, payment of permits for their transportation is required. In addition, before transportation, pipelayers require their disassembly and assembly before carrying out repair work, which entails additional time and labor costs. To solve the problems described in this article, a developed design of devices for fixing and centering the ends of the pipeline is proposed, which makes it possible to fix the ends of the pipeline from their sharp displacement, and also to center them before welding a new section. A mathematical model was developed to assess the centering forces, the resulting stresses in the pipeline wall and the reaction forces that arise in the hydraulic cylinders of devices when leaving the ends of the pipeline in their sharp displacement. The initial data for the developed model are the coefficients of the polynomial describing the position of the pipeline in the repair trench. To accurately assess the position of the pipeline, a method of its laser scanning is proposed, the result of which is a point cloud of the pipeline. As part of the study, a method was also developed for the obtaining of a polynomial equation describing the bending of its central axis from a pipeline point cloud. As a result of experimental studies, this method has demonstrated sufficient accuracy in determining the position of the pipeline in the repair trench. Thus, the developed repair method makes it possible to increase both the safety of the repair and the technological and economic efficiency of the process of replacing a defective section.

Technological Aspects of Methane–Hydrogen Mixture Transportation through Operating Gas Pipelines Considering Industrial and Fire Safety

“…In the process of transporting a methane-hydrogen mixture, the most important problem is finding the maximum safe transport distance. At a given pressure, the pressure drop along the pipeline depends on the flow velocity, ambient temperature, insulation layer, and geometrical characteristics of the pipeline, such as diameter, length, and height variation [31][32][33]. Pressure drops and temperature changes along the pipeline reduce the gas density and increase the velocity, which in turn increases the pressure drop and therefore creates throttling conditions over a certain distance [34,35].…”

Using the Magnetic Anisotropy Method to Determine Hydrogenated Sections of a Steel Pipeline

“…Therefore, timely detection of the pipeline section where the pipe wall was hydrogenated is a possible method of failure prevention [13][14][15]. The above conclusion is valid for both compressed hydrogen pipelines, where local hydrogenation of the pipe wall cannot be excluded, e.g., due to plastic deformation caused by soil movement [16] and other bending stresses [17][18][19], and pipelines carrying natural gas and oil products [20][21][22]. At the same time, currently existing methods of detecting increased hydrogen content in metal structures, both by measuring its concentration directly or indirectly-based on the change in mechanical properties of the metal-are destructive, since both use specimens cut from the analysed structure for research.…”

Повышение Эффективности Систем Улавливания Паров Нефти При Товарно-Транспортных Операциях На Нефтеналивных Терминалах

“…Mass transfer decreases over time, as the gas space above the oil (oil product) surface becomes saturated and prevents further evaporation [26,27]. However, there are a number of secondary effects that can prevent the smooth nature of this function: tanker's motions/rolling; non-uniformity of the gas removal system; internal convective fluxes; changes in temperature [27,28]. The principal diagram of vapor release during cargo loading provides a line: "tanker gas systemgas phase pipelinevapor recovery unitgas vent" (Fig.…”