Improving the Oenological Potential of Grapes for Prosecco PDO Sparkling Wine Thanks to Nitrogen Fertigation

Abstract

Several researchers stated that climate change effects are arising quickly in the Mediterranean region. Temperature increasing and droughty summers are two of the most common patterns threatening sparkling wines’ grape quality. The present study investigated nitrogen nutrition to enhance acidity and preserve the aromatic compound on Vitis vinifera var. Glera for producing white sparkling wine. Half of the one-hectare vineyard placed in northeast Italy was fertigated with nitrogen during summer, while the control half received only mineral fertilization in spring as usual in the area. The trial lasted three years. The grapes’ quality was monitored and compared at harvest. The statistical analysis proved an affordable trend among treatments in which the fertigated grapes showed, on average, more free amino acids (+32%), more yeast assimilable nitrogen (+71%), more acidity (+21%), and lower total soluble solids concentration (−3%) than the control grapes. Energy storage, fruit yield, and wood mass were measured too. The study proved the nitrogen supply did not affect either fruit yield or plant vigor. Therefore, nitrogen fertigation has been confirmed to be a reasonable growing practice to preserve wine’s aroma and acidity against climate change.