Improving the Performance of a Microstrip Antenna by Adding a Slot into Different Patch Designs

Abstract

Microstrip patch antennas are attractive for communication applications due to their small size, low cost, and easy fabrication. Regardless of the diverse usage of these antennas, their bandwidth and efficiency are still limited and need to be improved. Therefore, this paper aims to enhance the bandwidth and efficiency of a microstrip antenna by inserting a slot into various patch designs. Flame Retardant (FR4) material is used in the dielectric substrate and the antenna is fed by a microstrip line. Virtually, the antenna performance is attempted to be optimized through empirical investigations of feedline lengths, slot sizes and positions, and ground plane dimensions and locations. To achieve the results, the High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is used, and the paper concludes by showing that the antenna performance is enhanced by the slot, and the return loss is significantly reduced when the ground plane is moved to the front surface of the antenna.

Design and Implementation of 2x4 Element Hexagonal Array Microstrip Antenna with DGS Method in the Shape of Dumbbell Circle Head for 2.4 GHz Frequency Wi-Fi Applications

“…This gain and bandwidth test requires a dipole antenna as a transmitter. The dipole antenna is the choice as a transmitter because the dipole antenna is close to a perfect antenna, which is an isotropic antenna [14].…”

Analysis of Substrate and Shapes of Microstrip Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication

“…E Sandi et al [63] implemented the slot technique for the improvement of bandwidth and introduced an air gap between two substrate layers, which improved the gain for millimetre wave frequencies. In addition to slots at the planar structure of the antenna, slots are created in the ground layer which is located at the front and backside of which improves the return loss [64]. Beyond using of single slot method, two slots are made [65] and it is observed to produce the tree different resonating frequency of operation with improved return loss parameter.…”

A High-Gain Dual-Band Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna For 5G Cellular Mobile Phones

“…Many studies have been conducted to improve the radiation characteristics of microstrip patch antennas for 5G systems. A major drawback of microstrip antennas is their narrow bandwidth, which can be increased by slotted patches, thick substrates, low effective permittivity substrates, multiple resonance integration, and impedance matching optimization [16][17][18]. In addition, the use of mmWaves has some issues related to high path loss, atmospheric and rain absorption susceptibility, and shadowing by materials as well as the human body, which can all be overcome by employing antennas that exhibit high gain and wide bandwidth [19].…”

“…Many studies focused on using microstrip patch arrays to enhance beamforming and directivity, hence the gain of microstrip patch antennas for 5G applications [13,15,17,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. These studies showed that some array structures resulted in gains that exceeded 10 dBi.…”