Improving the Performance of PANI‐SA⋅TiO₂Supercapacitor Active Electrode MaterialviaEmulsion Polymerization of Aniline with MWCNT

Abstract

Flexible electrode with high electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance are desirable today to meet the energy demand in portable electronics. Here we designed a flexible electrode, polyaniline‐sulfate‐titanium dioxide‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PANI‐SA⋅TiO2⋅MWCNT) to improve the electrochemical performance. This is achieved by following a synthetic strategy via the synthesis of PANI‐SA⋅TiO2⋅MWCNT by a two‐step process; initially, PANI‐SA⋅TiO2 synthesized by aqueous polymerization using two oxidants, namely peroxotitanium acid (PTiA) and ammonium persulfate (APS). Wherein, PTiA acts both as oxidant and source of TiO2. In the second step, emulsion polymerization of PANI‐SA⋅TiO2 with a small amount of MWCNT by benzoyl peroxide as oxidant. Formed PANI‐SA⋅TiO2⋅MWCNT was coated on a stainless steel foil without using any binder. Electrochemical performances of the electrodes of both PANI‐SA⋅TiO2 and PANI‐SA⋅TiO2⋅MWCNT were carried in symmetric cell supercapacitor configuration in aq. 1 M sulfuric acid electrolyte by cyclic voltammetry and charge‐discharge measurements. This composite exhibits an excellent rate capability, and no degradation was observed in specific capacitance over 5,000 charge‐discharge cycles carried even at a higher current density of 1.6 A g−1. The electrochemical performance of PANI‐SA⋅TiO2, including cycle life, is enhanced with the use of MWCNT.

Using a mixture of vinasse-contaminant and H3PO4 as an efficient electrolyte for high performance flexible carbon nanotube-based supercapacitors

“…The flexible device made with two electrodes of CNTs and an electrolyte of vinasse + H 3 PO 4 presented a high capacitance of 679.7 F g −1 which increased up to 1852.8 F g −1 when the Ag/TiO 2 nanoparticles is added in the anode electrode. This last value is among the highest values reported so far for solid state supercapacitor made CNTs and other compounds such as: MnO 2 (393 F g −1 ) [42], PANI/TiO 2 (472 F g −1 ) [43] and Ca 2.9 Nd 0.1 Co 4 O 9+δ perovskite (620.4 F g −1 ) [44]. Surprisingly, the voltage of the supercapacitors became stable after 400 min of continuous discharge, suggesting that the devices also have a battery-like behavior.…”

Facile Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization of Polyaniline@TiO2-CuO Ternary Composite as Electrodes for Supercapacitor Applications

“…Researchers have proclaimed the structural, optical, and electrical properties of PANI-based TiO 2 nanomaterials as an electrode material for supercapacitors, such as Deshmukh et al [ 19 ] proved that the distinctive structure of the PANI–TiO 2 composite and the cohabitation of conducting PANI with TiO 2 have been found to be responsible for the superior electrochemical properties. Ghahramani et al [ 20 ] synthesized PANI-coated reduced graphene oxide for removal of malachite green from aqueous solution. According to the results of Yoruk et.…”