Improving the Properties of Degraded Soils from Industrial Areas by Using Livestock Waste with Calcium Peroxide as a Green Oxidizer

Abstract

Over the past years, the treatment and use of livestock waste has posed a significant problem in environmental engineering. This paper outlines a new approach to application of calcium peroxide (CaO2) as a green oxidizer and microbiocidal agent in the treatment of poultry manure. It also presents the application of pretreated waste in improvement of degraded soils in industrial areas. The CCD (Central Composite Design) and RSM (Response Surface Methodology) were employed for optimizing the process parameters (CaO2 concentration 1.6–8.4 wt %, temperature 5.2–38.8 °C and contact time 7–209 h). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the experimental results, which indicated good fit of the approximated to the experimental data (R2 = 0.8901, R2adj = 0.8168). The amendment of CaO2 in optimal conditions (8 wt % of CaO2, temperature 22 °C and contact time 108 h) caused a decrease in bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) in poultry manure from 8.7 log10 CFU/g to the acceptable level of 3 log10 CFU/g. The application of pretreated livestock waste on degraded soils and the studies on germination and growth of grass seed mixture (Lollum perenne—Naki, Lollum perenne—Grilla, Poa pratensis—Oxford, Festuca rubbra—Relevant, Festuca rubbra—Adio and Festuca trachypylla—Fornito) showed that a dose of 0.08 g of CaO2 per 1 gram of poultry manure induced higher yield of grass plants. The calculated indicators for growth of roots (GFR) and shoots (GFS) in soils treated with poultry manure were 10–20% lower compared to soils with amended CaO2. The evidence from this study suggests that CaO2 could be used as an environmentally friendly oxidizer and microbiocidal agent for livestock waste.

Solid Peroxy Compounds as Additives to Organic Waste for Reclamation of Post-Industrial Contaminated Soils

“…These results indicate the high toxicity of S1 and S2 test soils due to nutrient deficiency and the relatively high heavy metal content. As reported in our previous study [37], the series of metal concentrations were Zn > Pb > Mn > Cu > Cd > Al > Cr > Fe > Ni > Co for soil S1 and Zn > Pb > Mn > Cu > Cr > Cd > Al > Fe > Ni > Co for S2. The zinc concentration for S1 was 6920.1 mg/kg dw, which indicates that it exceeded its permissible value specified in the Regulation of the Minister of Environment by six times in the manner of conducting the assessment of land surface pollution [56] for soil group III, i.e., 1000 mg/kg dw.…”

“…Soil samples were collected to a depth of 0-15 cm, air-dried at stable room temperature (21 ± 1 • C), crushed to pass through a 2 mm sieve and then stored in plastic containers in ambient temperature. The physicochemical analysis of the poultry manure and soils was described in our previous papers [37] and presented in Table 1.…”

“…Table 1. Physicochemical properties of the soils and poultry manure used in the investigations [37]. Additionally, OECD artificial soil, defined as a mixture of 75% fine quartz sand (50% particles 0.05-0.2 mm), 20% kaolin clay (kaolinite content preferably above 30%) and 5% finely ground Sphagnum peat was used as the control soil (C) in the tests, according to the international standard EN 18763 [38].…”

Processing of End-of-Life Materials and Industrial Wastes

“…A research work, entitled “Improving the Properties of Degraded Soils from Industrial Areas by Using Livestock Waste with Calcium Peroxide as a Green Oxidizer”, is reported by Więckol-Ryk et al [ 8 ]. The treatment and use of livestock waste has posed a significant problem in environmental engineering.…”