Improving the reliability of bulk sediment radiocarbon dating

Strunk, Astrid; Olsen, Jesper; Sanei, Hamed; Rudra, Arka; Larsen, Nicolaj K.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106442

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Mean 95% confidence over the entire core was 874 years 100% of the dates overlap with the age-depth model (95% ranges). It is possible that the bulk-sediment radiocarbon dates are older by multiple centuries or even millennia than recorded due to reworking of old organic material (Strunk et al, 2020). However, based on the linear alignment of dated samples until the time of sampling, we can assume neglectable effects from the presence of old carbon in the samples.…”

Section: Chronology and Sedimentation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

14,000-year Carbon Accumulation Dynamics in a Siberian Lake Reveal Catchment and Lake Productivity Changes

et al. 2021

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A multi-proxy paleolimnological analysis of a sediment core sequence from Lake Malaya Chabyda in Central Yakutia (Eastern Siberia, Russia) was conducted to investigate changes in lake processes, including lake development, sediment and organic carbon accumulation, and changes in primary productivity, within the context of Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate change. Age-depth modeling with 14C indicates that the maximum age of the sediment core is ∼14 cal kBP. Three distinct sedimentary units were identified within the sediment core. Sedimentological and biogeochemical properties in the deepest section of the core (663–584 cm; 14.1–12.3 cal kBP) suggests a lake environment mostly influenced by terrestrial vegetation, where organic carbon accumulation might have been relatively low (average ∼100 g OC m−2 a−1), although much higher than the global modern average. The middle section of the core (584–376 cm; 12.3–9.0 cal kBP) is characterized by higher primary productivity in the lake, much higher sedimentation, and a remarkable increase in OC delivery (average ∼300 g OC m−2 a−1). Conditions in the upper section of the core (<376 cm; < 9.0 cal kBP) suggest high primary productivity in the lake and high OC accumulation rates (average ∼200 g OC m−2 a−1), with stable environmental conditions. The transition from organic-poor and mostly terrestrial vegetation inputs (TOC/TNatomic ratios ∼20) to conditions dominated by aquatic primary productivity (TOC/TNatomic ratios <15) occurs at around 12.3 cal kBP. This resulted in an increase in the sedimentation rate of OC within the lake, illustrated by higher sedimentation rates and very high total OC concentrations (>30%) measured in the upper section of the core. Compact lake morphology and high sedimentation rates likely resulted in this lake acting as a significant OC sink since the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Sediment accumulation rates declined after ∼8 cal k BP, however total OC concentrations were still notably high. TOC/TNatomic and isotopic data (δ13C) confirm the transition from terrestrial-influenced to aquatic-dominated conditions during the Early Holocene. Since the mid-Holocene, there was likely higher photosynthetic uptake of CO2 by algae, as suggested by heavier (isotopically enriched) δ13C values (>−25‰).

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Section: Chronology and Sedimentation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

14,000-year Carbon Accumulation Dynamics in a Siberian Lake Reveal Catchment and Lake Productivity Changes

et al. 2021

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“…It is vital that roots or rootlets are removed to prevent contamination through the intrusion of younger carbon from overlying sediments. If terrestrial macrofossils cannot be identified, the humin or humic fraction from bulk peat/sediment samples is measured instead, though these fractions may be more vulnerable to contamination (Walker et al 2012;Strunk et al 2020). If bulk peat/sediment is analyzed, care is taken to remove any roots prior to chemical pretreatment.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

RADIOCARBON PROTOCOLS AND FIRST INTERCOMPARISON RESULTS FROM THE CHRONOS ¹⁴CARBON-CYCLE FACILITY, UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA

et al. 2021

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The Chronos 14Carbon-Cycle Facility is a new radiocarbon laboratory at the University of New South Wales, Australia. Built around an Ionplus 200 kV MIni-CArbon DAting System (MICADAS) Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS) installed in October 2019, the facility was established to address major challenges in the Earth, Environmental and Archaeological sciences. Here we report an overview of the Chronos facility, the pretreatment methods currently employed (bones, carbonates, peat, pollen, charcoal, and wood) and results of radiocarbon and stable isotope measurements undertaken on a wide range of sample types. Measurements on international standards, known-age and blank samples demonstrate the facility is capable of measuring 14C samples from the Anthropocene back to nearly 50,000 years ago. Future work will focus on improving our understanding of the Earth system and managing resources in a future warmer world.

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“…Though a number of regional records across Arctic Siberia are becoming increasingly prevalent (Biskaborn et al, 2012;Diekmann et al, 2016;Melles et al, 2012;Subetto et al, 2017), studies have often neglected reconstructions of accumulation rates. This is largely due to limited agecontrols related to problematic radiocarbon dating of organic poor systems that often lack dateable macrofossil remains and possess low dating resolutions (Lozhkin et al 2016, Strunk et al, 2020. Current eastern Siberian 60 research has primarily focussed on the reconstruction of Holocene accumulation rates of carbon using sediment cores derived from thermokarst lake systems (Anthony et al, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

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2021

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Lakes act as important sinks for inorganic and organic sediment components. However, investigations of sedimentary carbon budgets within glacial lakes are currently absent from Arctic Siberia. The aim of this paper is to provide the first reconstruction of accumulation rates, sediment and carbon budgets from a lacustrine sediment 20 core from Lake Rauchuagytgyn, Chukotka (Arctic Siberia). We combined multiple sediment-biogeochemical and sedimentological parameters from a radiocarbon-dated 6.5 m sediment core with lake basin hydroacoustic data to derive sediment stratigraphy, sediment volumes, and infill budgets. Our results distinguished three principal sediment and carbon accumulation regimes that could be identified across all measured environmental proxies including Early MIS2 (ca. 29-23.4 cal. ka BP), Mid-to-late MIS2 (ca. 23.4-11.5 cal. ka BP), and Holocene (ca. 2511.5-present). Estimated organic carbon accumulation rates (OCARs) were higher within Holocene sediments (average 3.53 g OC m -2 a -1 ) than Pleistocene sediments (average 1.09 g OC m -2 a -1 ) and are similar to those calculated for boreal lakes from Quebec and Finland and Lake Baikal but significantly lower than Siberian thermokarst lakes and Alberta glacial lakes. Using a bootstrapping approach, we estimated the total organic carbon pool to 0.26 ± 0.02 Mt and a total sediment pool of 25.7 ± 1.71 Mt within a hydroacoustically derived 30 sediment volume of ca. 32990557 m 3 . The total organic carbon pool is substantially smaller than Alaskan Yedoma, thermokarst lake sediments, and Alberta glacial lakes but shares similarities with Finnish boreal lakes.Temporal variability in sediment and carbon accumulation dynamics at Lake Rauchuagytgyn is controlled predominantly by palaeoclimate variation that regulates lake ice-cover dynamics and catchment glacial, fluvial and permafrost processes through time. These processes, in turn, affect catchment and within-lake primary 35 productivity as well as catchment soil development. Spatial differences to other lake systems at a trans-regional scale likely relates to the high-latitude, mountainous location of Lake Rauchuagytgyn.

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Improving the reliability of bulk sediment radiocarbon dating

Cited by 43 publications

References 55 publications

14,000-year Carbon Accumulation Dynamics in a Siberian Lake Reveal Catchment and Lake Productivity Changes

14,000-year Carbon Accumulation Dynamics in a Siberian Lake Reveal Catchment and Lake Productivity Changes

RADIOCARBON PROTOCOLS AND FIRST INTERCOMPARISON RESULTS FROM THE CHRONOS ¹⁴CARBON-CYCLE FACILITY, UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA

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Improving the reliability of bulk sediment radiocarbon dating

Cited by 43 publications

References 55 publications

14,000-year Carbon Accumulation Dynamics in a Siberian Lake Reveal Catchment and Lake Productivity Changes

14,000-year Carbon Accumulation Dynamics in a Siberian Lake Reveal Catchment and Lake Productivity Changes

RADIOCARBON PROTOCOLS AND FIRST INTERCOMPARISON RESULTS FROM THE CHRONOS 14CARBON-CYCLE FACILITY, UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA

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RADIOCARBON PROTOCOLS AND FIRST INTERCOMPARISON RESULTS FROM THE CHRONOS ¹⁴CARBON-CYCLE FACILITY, UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES, SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA