Improving the resilience of metro vehicle and passengers for an effective emergency response to terrorist attacks

Bruyelle, Jean‐Luc; O'Neill, C; El-Koursi, El-Miloudi; Hamelin, Fabrice; Sartori, Nicolò; Khoudour, Louahdi

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2013.07.022

Cited by 85 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Zieba et al [50] have a joint cognitive theory-heritage in their location of risk in the complex interactions between human-machine agents. Bruyelle et al [51] also introduce resilience as a concept able to mitigate the risks of antagonistic threats.…”

Section: Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the rationale of resilience in the domain of safety: A literature review

Bergström

Winsen

Henriqson

2015

Reliability Engineering & System Safety

216

124

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Resilience is becoming a prevalent agenda in safety research and organisational practice. In this study we examine how the peer-reviewed safety science literature (a) formulates the rationale behind the study of resilience; (b) constructs resilience as a scientific object; and (c) constructs and locates the resilient subject. The results suggest that resilience engineering scholars typically motivate the need for their studies by referring to the inherent complexities of modern sociotechnical systems; complexities that make these systems inherently risky. The object of resilience then becomes the capacity to adapt to such emerging risks in order to guarantee the success of the inherently risky system. In the material reviewed, the subject of resilience is typically the individual, either at the sharp end or at higher managerial levels. The individual is called-upon to adapt in the face of risk to secure the continuous performance of the system. Based on the results from how resilience has been introduced in safety sciences we raise three ethical questions for the field to address: (1) should resilience be seen as people thriving despite of, or because of, risk?; (2) should resilience theory form a basis for moral judgement?; and finally (3) how much should resilience be approached as a trait of the individual?

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Section: Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the rationale of resilience in the domain of safety: A literature review

Bergström

Winsen

Henriqson

2015

Reliability Engineering & System Safety

216

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The London metro system is one of the most frequented and longstanding of its kind, accounting for 268 stations across 11 metro lines and 1.2 billion annual passengers [29]. It was the target of the unfortunate 7/7 London bombings, and researchers have focused on further improving the resilience and security of passengers since [30]. Additionally, owing to the polycentric organization of London, the London Underground acts as a paradigmatic case study, representative of what existing and developing world metro systems may resemble or emulate in future years [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A network-based framework for assessing infrastructure resilience: a case study of the London metro system

Chopra

Dillon

Bilec

et al. 2016

J. R. Soc. Interface.

128

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Modern society is increasingly dependent on the stability of a complex system of interdependent infrastructure sectors. It is imperative to build resilience of large-scale infrastructures like metro systems for addressing the threat of natural disasters and man-made attacks in urban areas. Analysis is needed to ensure that these systems are capable of withstanding and containing unexpected perturbations, and develop heuristic strategies for guiding the design of more resilient networks in the future. We present a comprehensive, multi-pronged framework that analyses information on network topology, spatial organization and passenger flow to understand the resilience of the London metro system. Topology of the London metro system is not fault tolerant in terms of maintaining connectivity at the periphery of the network since it does not exhibit small-world properties. The passenger strength distribution follows a power law, suggesting that while the London metro system is robust to random failures, it is vulnerable to disruptions on a few critical stations. The analysis further identifies particular sources of structural and functional vulnerabilities that need to be mitigated for improving the resilience of the London metro network. The insights from our framework provide useful strategies to build resilience for both existing and upcoming metro systems.

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“…The public transportation system appears to have become a preferred target of terrorists because of the potential for disruption, destruction, and the possibility of escape of the perpetrator(s), due to the size, openness, accessibility, lack of passenger identification, and the number of people such transportation systems carry (Jenkins 2001). Terrorist attacks on the public transportation system are described in (Colliard 2015;Bruyelle et al 2014;Borrion et al 2014;Edwards et al 2016;Johnstone 2011;Lockey et al 2005;Fiumara 2015;Hunter and Lambert 2016;O'Neill et al 2013;Setola et al 2015;Jenkins 2004;Polunsky 2015Polunsky , 2017Wilson et al 2007;Tripathi and Borrion 2016;Starita and Scaparra 2017;Lievin et al 2013).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research of a Problem of Terrorist Attacks in the Metro (Subway, U-Bahn, Underground, MRT, Rapid Transit, Metrorail)

Shvetsov

Shvetsova

2017

Eur J Secur Res

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This study considers the problem of protecting metros against terrorist attacks. We have collected statistics on all terrorist attacks committed in the metro since 1883, and we have analyzed the efficiency of technical security systems deployed at the metro. The analysis conducted showed that technical systems employed presently in metros cannot prevent bringing explosive devices of a certain type into the metro. Mathematical calculations make it possible to establish the assigned risk of delivering explosive devices of a certain type into metros. The research offers a possible way of increasing the level of security in the metro against the conveyance and use of explosive devices.Keywords Metro Á Subway Á Terrorist attack on metro stations Á Act of terrorism in the subway Á Statistics on all terrorist attacks in the metro

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Improving the resilience of metro vehicle and passengers for an effective emergency response to terrorist attacks

Cited by 85 publications

References 9 publications

On the rationale of resilience in the domain of safety: A literature review

On the rationale of resilience in the domain of safety: A literature review

A network-based framework for assessing infrastructure resilience: a case study of the London metro system

Research of a Problem of Terrorist Attacks in the Metro (Subway, U-Bahn, Underground, MRT, Rapid Transit, Metrorail)

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