Purpose of Review The majority of patient care occurs in the ambulatory setting, and pediatric patients are at high risk of medical error and harm. Prior studies have described various safety threats in ambulatory pediatrics, and little is known about effective strategies to minimize error. The purpose of this review is to identify best practices for optimizing safety in ambulatory pediatrics. Recent Findings The majority of the patient safety literature in ambulatory pediatrics describes frequencies and types of medical errors. Study of effective interventions to reduce error, and particularly to reduce harm, have been limited. There is evidence that medical complexity and social context are important modifiers of risk. Telemedicine has emerged as a care delivery model with potential to ameliorate and exacerbate safety threats. Though there is variation across studies, developing a safety culture, partnerships with patients and families, and use of structured communication are strategies that support patient safety. Summary There is no standardized taxonomy for errors in ambulatory pediatrics, but errors related to medications, vaccines, diagnosis, and care coordination and care transitions are commonly described. Evidence-based approaches to optimize safety include standardized prescribing and medication reconciliation practices, appropriate use of decision support tools in the electronic health record, and communication strategies like teach-back. Further high-quality intervention studies in pediatric ambulatory care that assess impact on patient harm and clinical outcomes should be prioritized. Patient Safety (Ma Coffey, Section Editor) Medication errors Wrong drug prescribed or administered Wrong dose prescribed or administered Wrong route prescribed or administered Wrong frequency or duration prescribed or administered Omitted or duplicated dose Drug-drug interaction Known allergy Vaccine errors Wrong timing of vaccine Wrong route of administration Storage and dispensing errors Wrong vaccine administered Diagnostic errors Errors in the evaluation of signs and symptoms Errors in follow-up of diagnostic tests Errors related to missed, incorrect or delayed diagnoses Misfiled or erroneously entered patient information Lack of consent for an adult accompanying a child Delay in office care Wrong patient registered or treated Care coordination and care transition errors Verbal or written handoff communication failure Coordination errors including delayed access to medications, medical equipment and supplies Patient Safety in Ambulatory Pediatrics Huth et al.