Improving the Sodium Storage Performance of Porous Carbon Derived From Covalent Organic Frameworks Through N, S Co-Doping

Abstract

Heteroatom doping, which has long been considered as one of the most efficient approaches to significantly enhance the sodium storage ability of carbonaceous anodes, has drawn increasing attention. Compared with single doping, dual doping can introduce more defects and accelerate ionic diffusion. In addition, the synergistic effect between the dual doped atoms can significantly improve the electrochemical performances. Besides, exploring novel precursors with excellent properties, which can induce porous structure and rapid pathways for electrons/ions in the resultant carbonaceous anode, is still full of challenges. Herein, nitrogen and sulfur–co-doped urchin-like porous carbon (NSC) was fabricated through a combined strategy including carbonization and subsequent sulfidation, using covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as precursors. Because of the dual doping–endowed rich defects, high electronic conductivity, and favorable capacitive behavior, the resultant NSC exhibited excellent sodium storage performances, delivering superior sodium storage capacity (483.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 100 cycles) and excellent cycling stability up to 1,000 cycles (231.6 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1). Importantly, such remarkable electrochemical performances of the resultant carbonaceous anode may shed light on the efficient conversion of COFs to functional materials.

Application of New COF Materials in Secondary Battery Anode Materials

“…In addition, compared to single doping, double doping can introduce more defects and accelerate ion diffusion, while the synergistic effect between double-doped atoms can significantly improve the electrochemical performance of the material. Zhang et al [ 52 ] used COFs as precursors to prepare N/S co-doped sea-urchin-like porous carbons (NSCs) through a combination of carbonization and sulfurization ( Figure 7 h,i). The advantages of sea-urchin-like morphology and porous structure provide a stable internal structure, while dual doping endows it with rich defects, high electronic conductivity, and good capacitive behavior.…”

“… ( a ) Synthetic scheme of TFPB-TAPT COF, ( b ) TEM image of TFPB-TAPT COF, ( c ) long-term cycle performance of TFPB-TAPT COF [ 9 ]. ( d , e ) FE-SEM images of N-rich SC particles (inset: high magnification), ( f ) electrochemical performance of N-rich SC in capacity retention of SIBs as a function of cycle number, ( g ) steady-state cycling performance under 0.5 A g −1 [ 51 ]; ( h ) as-prepared COF, ( i ) TEM images of NSC-600, ( j ) cycling performances under 0.1 A g −1 [ 52 ]. …”

“…olecules 2023, 28, x FOR PEER REVIEW 12 of 20 doped atoms can significantly improve the electrochemical performance of the material. Zhang et al [52] used COFs as precursors to prepare N/S co-doped sea-urchin-like porous carbons (NSCs) through a combination of carbonization and sulfurization (Figure 7h,i).…”

A sulfur-containing two-dimensional covalent organic framework with electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution in alkaline medium

“…32 Heteroatom-doped COFs are currently widely used in drug loading, dye adsorption, electronic sensing and other aspects. 33–38…”