Improving the treatment of non-aqueous phase TCE in low permeability zones with permanganate

Chokejaroenrat, Chanat; Comfort, Steve D.; Sakulthaew, Chainarong; Dvorak, Bruce I.

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.01.007

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Fluid cross flow among the layers was identified as the major mechanism of sweeping enhancement. In a series of flow cell experiments using xanthan gum solution to deliver permanganate, Chokejaroenrat et al (2013Chokejaroenrat et al ( , 2014 presented a set of data supporting that the use xanthan is a means of enhancing MnO 4 − delivery into low permeable zones for the treatment of dissolved TCE. In one case, they were able to demonstrate 90% improvement in sweep efficiency when including the shear-thinning polymer (Chokejaroenrat et al, 2014).…”

Section: Estcp Er-200913 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Amendment Delivery to Low Permeability Zones for Chlorinated Solvent Source Area Bioremediation

Adamson¹,

Newell²,

Truex³

et al. 2014

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Distribution Statement A REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEForm Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information , 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 30-09-2014 REPORT TYPE Technical DATES COVERED (From -To AUTHOR(S)Newell, Charles J., Adamson, David T., Truex, Michael J., Zhong, Lirong 5d. PROJECT NUMBER ER-200913 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBERGSI Environmental Inc, 2211 Norfolk, Suite 1000, Houston, TX 77098Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd. Richland, WA 99354 SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) ESTCP SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S) DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTThis project demonstrated the use of shear-thinning fluid based technology to improve treatment within low-permeability (lowk) zones of heterogeneous subsurface environments. These low-k zones can serve as a long-term secondary source of contamination because transport may be diffusion controlled, yet they are difficult to target using standard injection-based treatment approaches. A shear-thinning fluid can be used to distribute a bioremediation amendment (e.g., lactate) around an injection well such that the solution was able to better penetrate and deliver the amendments to both high and low-permeability zones. When injected at a relatively high velocity compared to natural groundwater flow velocities, the shear-thinning nature of the solution allows it to flow more readily and cross-flow from high to low-permeability zones is promoted. During the demonstration at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, the shear-thinning fluid improved amendment distribution by approximately 41% with enhanced persistence and treatment effectiveness within the lower-k zones of the heterogeneous aquifer. It is anticipated that permeability contrasts of 1-2 orders of magnitude are amenable to this technology (e.g., improving distribution to silt layers within a sand matrix, but not clay layers). SUBJECT TERMSRemediation, shear-thinning, amendment, bioremediation, low-permeability zones, cost-effectiveness LIST OF TABLES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OverviewThe technology is focused...

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Section: Estcp Er-200913 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Amendment Delivery to Low Permeability Zones for Chlorinated Solvent Source Area Bioremediation

Adamson¹,

Newell²,

Truex³

et al. 2014

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“…Prior flows are easily formed when contaminants flow by the highly permeable zones, whereas bypass flows are generated when contaminants flow through the low permeability zones. Herein, both phenomena may lead to the incomplete contact between contaminants and fillings in the PRB reaction zone [33][34][35]. In addition, after the reduction in the concentration of contaminants in highly permeable zones, under the force of concentration gradient, contaminants in low permeability zones are continuously released into highly permeable zones, increasing pollution and the cost of remediation [36,37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Fe-Cu/Biochar System for Chlorobenzene Remediation of Groundwater in Inhomogeneous Aquifers

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2017

Water

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Chlorobenzene (CB), as a typical Volatile Organic Contaminants (VOC), is toxic, highly persistent and easily migrates in water, posing a significant risk to human health and subsurface ecosystems. Therefore, exploring effective approaches to remediate groundwater contaminated by CB is essential. As an enhanced micro-electrolysis system for CB-contaminated groundwater remediation, this study attempted to couple the iron-copper bimetal with biochar. Two series of columns using sands with different grain diameters were used, consisting of iron, copper and biochar fillings as the permeable reactive barriers (PRBs), to simulate the remediation of CB-contaminated groundwater in homogeneous and heterogeneous aquifers. Regardless of the presence of homogeneous or heterogeneous porous media, the CB concentrations in the effluent from the PRB columns were significantly lower than the natural sandy columns, suggesting that the iron and copper powders coupled with biochar particles could have a significant removal effect compared to the natural sand porous media in the first columns. CB was transported relatively quickly in the heterogeneous porous media, likely due to the fact that the contaminant residence time is proportional to the infiltration velocities in the different types of porous media. The average effluent CB concentrations from the heterogeneous porous media were lower than those from homogeneous porous media. The heterogeneity retarded the vertical infiltration of CB, leading to its extended lateral distribution. During the treatment process, benzene and phenol were observed as the products of CB degradation. The ultimate CB removal efficiency was 61.4% and 68.1%, demonstrating that the simulated PRB system with the mixture of iron, copper and biochar was effective at removing CB from homogeneous and heterogeneous aquifers.

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“…[16] The means by which KMnO 4 is delivered to the contaminated zone has been previously studied. [17] The problem that a large fraction of chlorinated hydrocarbons tends to be retained in the soil phase, especially the low-permeability zones, can be released back into groundwater slowly, serving as a long-term source of contamination, is also challenging for injection-based permanganate treatments [18,19] because permanganate typically bypasses low-porosity zones. One of the by-products of the reaction between contaminants and permanganate is manganese oxides, which are harmless but have drawn the most attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To postpone the precipitation of manganese oxides in the degradation of tetrachloroethylene by controlling the permanganate concentration

Yang

Qiu

Zhao

et al. 2016

Environmental Technology

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Controlled-release permanganate (CRP) is a relatively new technology used to treat contaminated groundwater. This study tested the encapsulation of permanganate using stearic acid to realize controlled-release properties. Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the performance of manganese oxides (MnO) in the reaction between CRP and the contaminant of interest: tetrachloroethylene (PCE). The results showed that higher ionic strengths (I = 0.1 mol/L) cause earlier precipitation of MnO colloids. Using CRP to degrade PCE could decrease the amount of MnO colloids produced and postpone precipitation compared to raw potassium permanganate (KMnO) under high ionic strength conditions by controlling the KMnO concentration in the solution. The amount of MnO colloids produced and the time of precipitation depended more on the CRP grain size than on the CRP mass ratio. Controlling the KMnO concentration used in the reaction could control the formation of MnO precipitates in the premise of guarantee the removal rate of PCE.

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Improving the treatment of non-aqueous phase TCE in low permeability zones with permanganate

Cited by 40 publications

References 42 publications

Enhanced Amendment Delivery to Low Permeability Zones for Chlorinated Solvent Source Area Bioremediation

Enhanced Amendment Delivery to Low Permeability Zones for Chlorinated Solvent Source Area Bioremediation

Application of Fe-Cu/Biochar System for Chlorobenzene Remediation of Groundwater in Inhomogeneous Aquifers

To postpone the precipitation of manganese oxides in the degradation of tetrachloroethylene by controlling the permanganate concentration

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