The thermally conductive phase change materials (PCMs) were produced using the crosslinked Poly (Styrene-block-Ethylene Glycol Di Methyl Methacrylate) (PS-PEG DM) copolymer by employing the boron nitride (BN)/lead oxide (PbO) nanoparticles. DSC and TGA methods were used to research the phase transition temperatures (melting and crystallization temperatures: Tm and Tc), the phase change enthalpies (melting and crystallization enthalpies: ∆Hm and ∆Hc). The thermal conductivities (λ) of the PS-PEG/BN/PbO PCM nanocomposites were investigated. The ∆Hm and λ value of PS-PEG/BN/PbO PCM nanocomposite containing BN 13 wt%, PbO 60.90 wt%, and PS-PEG 26.10 wt% was determined to be 27.6 Jg− 1 and 18.874 W/(mK). From DSC measurements, Tm and Tc of PS-PEG PCM nanocomposites were found to vary between 57.8°C-205°C, 4.7°C-188.6°C, respectively. The crystallization fraction (Fc) values of PS-PEG (1000) and PS-PEG (1500) copolymers are 0.032–0.034; 0.063, respectively. XRD results of the polymers, the PCM nanocomposites showed that the sharp diffraction peaks at 17.00° and 25.28° of PS-PEG copolymer belonged to the PEG part. When nanoparticles were added to the polymers, SEM and TEM images confirmed that the PCM nanocomposites have a grain, spherical shape, and homogeneous distribution of the nanoparticles. Since these new nanocomposites, whose successful results we have presented as radiation shields in another study, show remarkable thermal conductivity performance, they can be used as conductive polymer nanocomposites for effective heat dissipation in heat exchangers, power electronics, electric motors, generators, communication, and lighting equipment. At the same time, according to our results, PCM nanocomposites can be considered as heat storage materials in the energy storage system.