Improving thermal performance of battery at high current rate by using embedded heat pipe system

Xie, Yi; Li, Huihui; Li, Wei; Zhang, Yangjun; Fowler, Michael; Fowler, Michael; Xiong, Zhang; Chen, Bin; Deng, Shasha

doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.103809

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Because the cell is in direct contact with the aluminum plate and the FAHP respectively, there exist thermal conduction boundaries between the cell and the aluminum plate, and between the cell and the FAHP, which can be described as follows:

-{\lambda }_{z}{A}_{\text{cell}}\frac{\partial ({T}_{\text{cell}}(x,y,z,t))}{\partial z}\,=\frac{{\lambda }_{\text{plate}}}{{\delta }_{\text{plate}}}{A}_{\text{plate}}^{{\rm{a}}}({T}_{\text{cell}}(x,y,z,t)-{T}_{\text{plate}})+\frac{{\lambda }_{\text{hp}}}{{\delta }_{\text{hp}}}{A}_{\text{hp}}^{{\rm{h}}}({T}_{\text{cell}}(x,y,z,t)-{T}_{\text{hp}}),

where subscript plate and hp represent the aluminum plate and the FAHP, respectively; superscript a and h represent the contact surface between the cell and the aluminum plate, and the surface between the cell and the FAHP, respectively; the equivalent thermal conductivity of the FAHP ( λ hp ) is adopted as its thermal conductivity during simulation, and the calculation formulas are as follows 35 :

{\lambda }_{\text{hp}}=\frac{{l}_{\text{hp}}}{{R}_{\text{hp}}{A}_{\text{hp}}^{{\rm{t}}}},

where,

{R}_{\text{hp}}={R}_{\text{eva}}+{R}_{\text{wall}}+{R}_{\text{wick}}+{R}_{\text{con}},

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through the test validation, the battery temperature could be reduced by 13.7%, 31.6%, and 33.4%, respectively, by the SHCS with natural convection, forced convection and forced convection without heat pipes. Xie et al 35 proposed a BTMS based on the embedded heat pipe system, which can reduce the maximum temperature of battery by 19.93°C compared with natural convection at the condition of 100 A discharge current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cooling characteristics of a lithium‐ion battery module based on flat aluminum heat pipe by considering thermal radiation

Liu

Bao

Cheng

et al. 2023

Energy Science & Engineering

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Aiming at the thermal safety and inconsistency caused by the high temperature of lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery, a cooling structure embedded with a flat aluminum heat pipe (FAHP) for a Li-ion battery module is proposed. The three-dimensional thermal model of the FAHP module is established by considering regionalized thermal radiation. The thermal characteristics of the module are compared with four progressive cooling schemes, and the temperature performance affected by different convection (h conv ) and radiation (h rad ) heat transfer coefficients are analyzed. Resultsshow that, the thermal model with the thermal radiation is more precise than that without the thermal radiation under the natural convection. Adding FAHPs can effectively reduce the maximum temperature (T max ) and the maximum temperature difference (ΔT max,pack ) of the FAHP module. Especially adding FAHPs with fins, even at 3C discharging, the average cooling performance can be improved by 33.3%, 25.0%, and 14.4% than that of natural convection, aluminum plates sandwiched between cells and FAHPs with no fins, respectively. Meanwhile, the decrease in rates of T max and ΔT max,pack are gradually increasing with the increasing of h rad , but decreased with the increasing of hthe average ratio of radiation heat dissipation to total heat dissipation (η) is 35.7%, but when h conv > 55 W•m −2 •K −1 , η is less than 1.5%.

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-{\lambda }_{z}{A}_{\text{cell}}\frac{\partial ({T}_{\text{cell}}(x,y,z,t))}{\partial z}\,=\frac{{\lambda }_{\text{plate}}}{{\delta }_{\text{plate}}}{A}_{\text{plate}}^{{\rm{a}}}({T}_{\text{cell}}(x,y,z,t)-{T}_{\text{plate}})+\frac{{\lambda }_{\text{hp}}}{{\delta }_{\text{hp}}}{A}_{\text{hp}}^{{\rm{h}}}({T}_{\text{cell}}(x,y,z,t)-{T}_{\text{hp}}),

{\lambda }_{\text{hp}}=\frac{{l}_{\text{hp}}}{{R}_{\text{hp}}{A}_{\text{hp}}^{{\rm{t}}}},

where,

{R}_{\text{hp}}={R}_{\text{eva}}+{R}_{\text{wall}}+{R}_{\text{wick}}+{R}_{\text{con}},

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooling characteristics of a lithium‐ion battery module based on flat aluminum heat pipe by considering thermal radiation

Liu

Bao

Cheng

et al. 2023

Energy Science & Engineering

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show abstract

“…The researchers studied a novel and lightweight BTM system based on HP for the effective cooling of prismatic LiB modules. [27][28][29][30] They created a 3-D numerical model and investigated the effects of HP diameter, coolant temperature, and discharge rates on the cooling ability of the battery module. The results showed that increasing diameter has positive effects on the BTM system's cooling performance, but the effects diminish after a certain value of diameter.…”

Section: Heat Pipe Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium‐Ion Battery Thermal Management Techniques and Their Current Readiness Level

2022

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The lithium‐ion battery (LiB) is currently an essential part of electric vehicles (EVs). The popularity of LiBs among EV manufacturers is because of their long life, fewer memory effects, high specific energy density, and lightweight. However, temperature affects the LiB life and performance to a great extent. The burden on battery thermal management (BTM) is significantly increased by the need to increase battery capacity and decrease the battery charging time. Hence, reliable and effective BTM is the need of the hour. Herein, the current status of different battery cooling techniques has been discussed along with their merits and demerits. The main objective of this paper is to inform the readers and give them a clear understanding of various cooling techniques and their current status and highlight any novel approaches being used by the researchers to improve these cooling techniques. Future needs and opportunities in this field have also been discussed.

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“…Heat pipes for BTMS have received substantially more attention recently. Researchers integrated heat pipes with other cooling methods to improve the thermal performance of batteries 24,25 . For example, Wu et al 26 compared natural convection, forced convection, and heat pipe‐based air‐cooling methods on the battery thermal performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers integrated heat pipes with other cooling methods to improve the thermal performance of batteries. 24,25 For example, Wu et al 26 compared natural convection, forced convection, and heat pipe-based air-cooling methods on the battery thermal performance. They discovered that the combination of heat pipe and air cooling appears to be effective for reducing battery temperature rise and controlling temperature uniformity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel heat dissipation structure based on flat heat pipe for battery thermal management system

Wang

Dan

Zhang

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

Self Cite

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Summary Flying car is an effective transport to solve current traffic congestion. The power batteries in flying cars discharge at a high current rate in the takeoff and landing phase, evoking a severe thermal issue. Flat heat pipe (FHP) is a relatively new type of battery thermal management technology, which can effectively maintain the temperature uniformity of the battery pack. We have constructed a resistance‐based thermal model of the batteries considering the impact of the state of charge (SOC), battery temperature, and current on the battery heat generation. The FHP model is developed based on segmental heat conduction model, and integrated into the battery model to form the battery‐FHP‐coupled model for a battery module. Experiments are carried out to verify its accuracy. Then, the battery thermal performance is analyzed under the different discharging conditions including constant discharge rates and dynamic discharge rates for flying cars. Under the condition of the flying cars, the battery maximum temperature appears at the end of takeoff stage, while the maximum temperature difference appears during the forward flight segment. Moreover, different FHP heat dissipation structures are studied to further improve the battery thermal performance. The configuration with the best performance is adopted for the battery pack, and it can meet the heat dissipation requirements of the pack at a discharge rate of 3C or that of flying cars. Finally, the influence of inlet cooling air velocity and temperature on battery thermal performance is investigated. According to the research results, air velocity has little effect on the battery maximum temperature at the discharge rate of flying cars, but it can obviously affect the temperature decrease rate. Besides, the battery maximum temperature and its temperature difference develop linearly with the air temperature.

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Improving thermal performance of battery at high current rate by using embedded heat pipe system

Cited by 30 publications

References 42 publications

Cooling characteristics of a lithium‐ion battery module based on flat aluminum heat pipe by considering thermal radiation

Cooling characteristics of a lithium‐ion battery module based on flat aluminum heat pipe by considering thermal radiation

Lithium‐Ion Battery Thermal Management Techniques and Their Current Readiness Level

A novel heat dissipation structure based on flat heat pipe for battery thermal management system

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