The influence of different Cu addition levels on the age hardening and precipitation behaviors in an Al356 foundry alloy during artificial aging treatments has been systematically studied. A detailed characterization of the precipitates at the atomic scale has been done by using high angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). At peak hardness, the number density of needle shape precipitates increases with increasing Cu content, while the dominant hardening precipitates change from β in the Cu-free alloy to L and Q' phases in the Cu-added alloys. It is discovered that the cross section of a large fraction of L-phase contains an inversion centre, predominantly at the central Si atomic column in the lattice. It was also observed that some β precipitates incorporate Cu atoms at the Si 3 -sites in the β -molecule. In addition to the Mg-Si-(Cu) precipitates, a large fraction of nano-sized Si particles also precipitated in all the three alloys during artificial aging, which is attribute to the excess Si in solid solution.