Improving urban mining practices for optimal recovery of resources from e-waste

Tesfaye, Fiseha; Lindberg, Daniel; Hamuyuni, Joseph; Taskinen, Pekka; Hupa, Leena

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2017.06.018

Cited by 128 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The schematic diagram of a such technology is presented in Figure 5 and starts from the obsolete DPCs. Taking into account that the final step of DPCs manufacturing is based on manual assembling and in accordance with recent studies [34,41], it is clear that only the manual primary dismounting can assure a complete valorization of the all included materials. Subsequently, the extracted DPCMBs must be treated manually to remove the LiBs and AHS.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

"Influence of the composition evolution of waste computer motherboards on their recycling strategy "

Dorneanu¹,

Avram²,

Mărincaş³

et al. 2018

Studia UBB Chemia

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Even if the mobile devices gain more popularity comparing to the desktop personal computers (DPCs), the last ones are still intensively used where highly computing or storage capabilities are required. Because the replacing rate of DPCs are very high, the amount of obsolete equipments is also huge, reclaiming adequate efficient and ecological recycling techniques. In this field, the main efforts are focused on the DPCs motherboards (DPCMBs) recycling because, even if they represent only 5 to 10% from the DPCs weight, they concentrate up to 80% from the recoverable value. By accounting the DPCMBs' traditional and incipient recycling technologies, it is obvious that none of them can solve alone the problem of this waste type. In this context, during the present work, the composition evolution of 10 DPCMBs released between 1998 and 2008 was evaluated and analyzed, the obtained results being used to design a feasible and eco-friendly combined strategy for integral DPCMBs recycling.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

"Influence of the composition evolution of waste computer motherboards on their recycling strategy "

Dorneanu¹,

Avram²,

Mărincaş³

et al. 2018

Studia UBB Chemia

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“…The literature reveals that the relationship between the circular economy and mining has only been vaguely explored and mostly explored within quite narrow perspectives such as waste utilization [39][40][41] particularly in the context of landfill and/or urban mining [42,43], iron mining and steel production [44,45], coal mining [46], and indium utilization [47]. P-related issues mainly address recovery from sewage in the present cases referred to as sewer or liquid mining [48,49].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Striving Toward a Circular Economy for Phosphorus: The Role of Phosphate Rock Mining

Geißler

Hermann²,

Mew

et al. 2018

Minerals

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As an element, phosphorus (P) is one of a kind. While it is essential for all life on Earth, phosphorus is neither substitutable nor infinite especially in terms of highly concentrated phosphate rock deposits. Society as a whole—and key stakeholders in particular—must build on and extend the idea of a linear system that begins with exploration, continues with extraction and processing, and ends with the application of fertilizers, by applying mechanisms of circularity. The efficient and sustainable utilization of P including intra-generational and intergenerational fairness requires the recognition of its dissipative structure as an important first step. With its Manifesto for a Resource-Efficient Europe, the European Commission acknowledged the inevitability of the transition toward a regenerative Circular Economy (CE). The concept of a CE evolves around the avoidance of losses, which can be found all along the P supply chain in varying degrees of magnitude and leads to total nutrient-use efficiencies as low as 5% to 10%. This makes P a prime target for moving toward a circular economy. While common state-of-the-art work addresses mostly the loop (i.e., production, use, collection, and recycling) itself, we are discussing the current role of raw materials “feeding” the loop with respect to the mining phase. From a resilience perspective, the aim must be to keep every P atom flowing and circulating within our economy for as long as possible. Hereby, every measure needs to be considered under the principle of proportionality in terms of sustainable development. Therefore, changes to the current approach in the form of multidimensional innovation (e.g., products, processes, and structures) must be considered from various perspectives including technological, geological, and economic aspects. The economic framework conditions, in particular, determine the cut-off between valuable product and “waste”. We build our arguments on the “Phosphate Rock Mining–Innovation Nexus” and illustrate potential best-practice examples.

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“…Hazardous emissions must be removed with flue cleaning systems to meet stringent environmental regulations. This is the traditional method of industrial‐scale e‐waste recycling adopted from the mining industry due to its simplicity and high productivity and process capacity . However, this process typically does not recover Li, which is lost as slag with other refractory oxides and gases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

et al. 2020

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Worldwide trends in mobile electrification, largely driven by the popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) will skyrocket demands for lithium‐ion battery (LIB) production. As such, up to four million metric tons of LIB waste from EV battery packs could be generated from 2015 to 2040. LIB recycling directly addresses concerns over long‐term economic strains due to the uneven geographic distribution of resources (especially for Co and Li) and environmental issues associated with both landfilling and raw material extraction. However, LIB recycling infrastructure has not been widely adopted, and current facilities are mostly focused on Co recovery for economic gains. This incentive will decline due to shifting market trends from LiCoO2 toward cobalt‐deficient and mixed‐metal cathodes (eg, LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2). Thus, this review covers recycling strategies to recover metals in mixed‐metal LIB cathodes and comingled scrap comprising different chemistries. As such, hydrometallurgical processes can meet this criterion, while also requiring a low environmental footprint and energy consumption compared to pyrometallurgy. Following pretreatment to separate the cathode from other battery components, the active material is dissolved entirely by reductive acid leaching. A complex leachate is generated, comprising cathode metals (Li+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Co2+) and impurities (Fe3+, Al3+, and Cu2+) from the current collectors and battery casing, which can be separated and purified using a series of selective precipitation and/or solvent extraction steps. Alternatively, the cathode can be resynthesized directly from the leachate.

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Improving urban mining practices for optimal recovery of resources from e-waste

Cited by 128 publications

References 37 publications

"Influence of the composition evolution of waste computer motherboards on their recycling strategy "

"Influence of the composition evolution of waste computer motherboards on their recycling strategy "

Striving Toward a Circular Economy for Phosphorus: The Role of Phosphate Rock Mining

Recycling of mixed cathode lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook

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