Improving Water Age in Distribution Systems by Optimal Valve Operation

Brentan, Bruno Melo; Monteiro, Laura; Carneiro, Joana; Covas, Dídia

doi:10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001412

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…IMiST project is organized in seven main tanks: T1 -Field survey and database assembly; T2 -Lab scale studies; T3 -Numerical modelling; T4 -Full scale studies; T5 -Mixing improvement measures; T6 -Modelling of mixing in hydraulic simulators; T7 -Recommendations design, operation and rehabilitation. Results have given rise to several publications [46][47][48][49][50][51]. Relevant results attained in tasks T2-T6 are briefly presented herein.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Modelling of water mixing and renewal time in storage tanks

Covas,

Pinheiro,

Vaz

et al. 2022

Proceedings - 2nd International Join Conference on Water Distribution System Analysis (WDSA)& Computing and Control in the

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The current paper aims at presenting the main developments and achievement attained in research project IMiST – Improving mixing in Storage Tanks for safer water supply, funded by Fundação para a Ciencia e Tecnologia, carried out between 2018 and 2022. This project aimed at a better understanding of flow dynamics inside water supply systems’ storage tanks to find practicable solutions to improve the design and the rehabilitation and to support operation of the existing tanks. The project comprised the development of an extensive experimental programme of small-scale tests, full-scale testing in a real storage tank and advanced numerical modelling. Small-scale tests were carried out in the Laboratory of Hydraulics and Water Resources of Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal, for different tank’s configurations and operating conditions. Two different cross-section tanks (circular and rectangular) were tested with and without interior structures (baffles) and with the inlet and outlet pipes at different locations. Three sets of experimental tests were carried out using different instrumentation to collect complementary data, namely traditional tracer tests, dye tracer tests and velocity field measurements by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). A methodology for assessing mixing conditions in full-scale storage tanks was developed and tested in a real tank with a rectangular cross-section and 3500 m3 capacity with inner baffles. Advanced numerical modelling using Computational Fluid Dynamics was carried out for the submerged and plunging get in a circular tank for betted understanding the velocity fields and the flow patterns. This complementary experimental and numerical modelling have allowed drawing conclusions concerning improving mixing measures, by readjusting the tank configuration (e.g., location, number and diameter of inlet/outlet pipes, jet inflow, fluctuating stored water volume and geometry) and changing operating conditions (e.g., extreme tank levels, pump scheduling). New knowledge on water storage tank hydrodynamics has been created and guidelines for upgrading tank design, rehabilitation and operation were prepared with design criteria for new tanks and measures for the improvement/rehabilitation of existing tanks in supply systems, that will be briefly summarised herein.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Modelling of water mixing and renewal time in storage tanks

Covas,

Pinheiro,

Vaz

et al. 2022

Proceedings - 2nd International Join Conference on Water Distribution System Analysis (WDSA)& Computing and Control in the

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“…This feature implies (a) the aging of the water before it is delivered to users and the consequent reduction of the free residual chlorine or the formation of chlorination by‐products (Quintiliani, 2017) and (b) the failure to reach the daily self‐cleaning velocity (Abraham et al., 2017; Vreeburg & Boxall, 2007). Regarding this issue as well, several approaches have been developed to identify the optimal interventions on the topological structure of the network based, for example, on the closure of IVs and reduction of the level of interconnection to ensure optimal conditions in terms of velocity (Brentan et al., 2021; Marquez Calvo et al., 2018; Quintiliani et al., 2019). Again, the optimal set of IVs to be closed is often identified through optimization algorithms evaluating a very large number of solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending the Application of Connectivity Metrics for Characterizing the Dynamic Behavior of Water Distribution Networks

Marsili

Alvisi

Maietta

et al. 2023

Water Resources Research

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Water distribution networks (WDNs) are complex combinations of nodes and links, and the current tendency is to modify their topological structure through the closure of isolation valves for monitoring and water quality reasons. For their analysis, several approaches based on graph theory have recently been proposed, mainly considering steady‐state flow conditions. However, in their real functioning, WDNs are continuously subjected to pressure transients generated by maneuvers on regulation devices or by users' activity. This study investigates the application of some metrics from graph theory, already used in the context of steady‐state analysis, for assessing the effects of changes in the topological structure of a network—due for example, to sectorization or branching operations—on its transient response when subjected to maneuvers on devices such as hydrants, pumps, etc. or users' activity. The analysis shows that some connectivity metrics can effectively reflect the dynamic pressure behavior of the network and, thus, provide useful indications for design and management operations taking into account unsteady flow features.

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“…Unfortunately, this isolation results in alterations to the WDN layout [2], inevitably changing the flow characteristics (velocity, flow rate, direction, etc.) across the network [3]. These changes in flow characteristics can temporarily reduce water flow and pressure, but more significantly, they may lead to unexpected water quality incidents [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent contributions by Yang et al [19] and Lee and Jung have introduced methodologies for the addition or removal of valves in pre-designed IVS or in a phased IVS design with network expansion considerations. While the potential for water quality incidents following valve operations has been acknowledged in several studies [3,20], there has been a notable gap in research directly addressing water quality concerns in IVS design. In contrast, instances of valve operation have seen consideration of water quality impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Isolation Valve System to Prevent Unexpected Water Quality Incident

Shin,

Kwon,

Lee

2023

Sustainability

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Designing an effective isolation valve system (IVS) is vital to enhance resilience against unforeseen failures in water systems. During isolation, the system’s hydraulics undergo changes, potentially causing alterations in flow direction and velocity, leading to the dislodgement of accumulated materials and triggering unexpected water quality incidents. This study presents a novel IVS design approach by integrating the consideration of flow direction change (FDC) as an additional constraint within conventional reliability-based models. Two optimization models, Optimization I and Optimization II, prioritize reliability, with the latter also factoring in valve installation cost as a multi-objective function. Performance evaluation metrics, such as the Hydraulic Geodesic Index (HGI), Modified Resilience Index (MRI), and robustness index, were employed for a comprehensive analysis. The results indicated more than 40 instances of FDC in the traditional design, challenging the conventional notion that a higher number of valves inherently reduces risk. The superiority of the proposed model persisted for the single reservoir network in Optimization II. However, for networks with multiple reservoirs, the traditional design outperformed the proposed model, particularly in terms of cost. Nevertheless, when comparing designs with similar reliability, the proposed model showcased a superior performance, despite its higher associated cost. Notably, the proposed approach exhibits potential cost-effectiveness, considering the potential economic losses attributable to water quality incidents. In summary, the implementation of this methodology can effectively manage both water quality and quantity, enabling the identification of vulnerable pipes within the network for sustainable management.

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Improving Water Age in Distribution Systems by Optimal Valve Operation

Cited by 14 publications

References 38 publications

Modelling of water mixing and renewal time in storage tanks

Modelling of water mixing and renewal time in storage tanks

Extending the Application of Connectivity Metrics for Characterizing the Dynamic Behavior of Water Distribution Networks

Designing Isolation Valve System to Prevent Unexpected Water Quality Incident

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