Improving weathering resistance of flame‐retarded polymers

Abstract

Most flame-retarded polymer products need to be highly durable throughout their service lifetime in many demanding applications areas such as construction, transportation, electric equipment, and textiles, where low flammability in combination with high resistance toward oxidative deterioration triggered by the action of light, heat, and/or mechanical stress is a mandatory quality. To achieve this, it is essential to better understand the overall interplay (both physical and chemical processes) between different components such as different flame retardant structures in their respective polymers and in the presence of coadditives such as processing stabilizers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, metal deactivators, filler deactivators, ultraviolet absorbers, and so on, in the flame-retarded polymer product. In this article, the key difficulties in improving weathering resistance of flame-retarded polymers are reviewed.

Effect of Fire-Retardant Coatings and Accelerated-Weathering on the Flammability of Wood-Based Materials in Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Communities

“…This phenomenon creates small carbonyl chromophore molecules (e.g. ketones) and radicals through Norrish type I and II reactions which promote early material failure (loss of mechanical properties and worsening of visual assets) [50][51][52]. After 28 d in the QUV, visual observations (Fig.…”

Effects of ageing on the fire behaviour of flame-retarded polymers: a review

“…Many other examples can be found in the comprehensive review of Wilén and Pfaendner devoted to the possible mutual interactions between FRs and stabilizers. Mineral fillers can adsorb stabilizers onto their surface, reducing their efficiency.…”

“…However, as discussed earlier, reactivity and antagonistic effects between FR and other additives (including stabilizers) can lead in many cases to the decrease in FR efficiency, just after blending and/or during lifetime. In their review, Wilén and Pfaendner also discussed various strategies to limit the detrimental effect of FRs on stability. When FRs enhance the ageing of a polymer or interfere with stabilizers, it is sometimes possible to inhibit the detrimental effect.…”

“…The commercial Flamestab® NOR 116 (from Ciba/BASF) is a monomeric N ‐alkoxy hindered amine claimed as a FR for polyolefin fibres or films . In their review, Wilén and Pfaendner have mentioned several patents about similar molecules.…”

Preparation and characterization of bis‐[1,3,5]triazinyl diazenes and their utilization as flame retardants in polypropylene films

“…In particular, alternative nitrogen‐based flame retardants that meet the requirements of sustainable production and products exhibit good overall prospects. Inspired by the already proven flame retardant efficacy of melamine compounds (melamine polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate, melamine borate) alkoxyamines (Flamestab NOR 116, AZONOR), diazenes and related compounds, triazenes, inorganic azo compounds (INAZO), as well as metal chelates and triazine polymers as charring agents, we started to explore the potential of different azo‐linked bis triazines as flame retardants. We reasoned that by the introduction of several known flame retardant building blocks such as azo moiety, triazinyl group or metal atoms into one molecule, a new class of flame retardant additives could be constructed.…”