Impulse Wave Generation: Comparison of Free Granular with Mesh-Packed Slides

Evers, Frederic M.; Hager, Willi H.

doi:10.3390/jmse3010100

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Mesh-packed slides were applied, allowing for a simplified handling similar to rigid slides while maintaining a granular matrix and deformability. Evers and Hager (2015a) showed that the impulse wave characteristics generated by this type of slide are predictable with empirical equations derived from experiments with free granular slides within a similar scatter range, e.g. ±30% for the wave height, provided that the slide centroid velocity is the reference velocity in both cases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Spatial Impulse Wave Generation and Propagation

Evers

Hager

Boes

2019

J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng.

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Rapid landslides into water bodies may generate massive water waves posing a threat to riparian settlements and infrastructure. These waves are referred to as impulse waves and exhibit tsunami-like characteristics. The generation and in particular the spatial propagation of impulse waves was studied in a hydraulic laboratory wave basin. A videometric measurement system was applied to track the water surface displacement. Compared to fixed wave gauges typically applied in previous studies, this technique yields a quasi-continuous representation of the water surface allowing for a detailed analysis of spatial propagation patterns. In total 74 experiments with deformable mesh-packed slides were conducted thereby varying the slide impact velocity, the slide mass, the slide thickness, the slide width, the slide impact angle, and the stillwater depth. Empirically derived prediction equations are presented and discussed for key wave characteristics including wave amplitudes and celerities. In the context of a preliminary hazard assessment, these equations allow for the estimation of wave magnitudes at prototype-scale.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Spatial Impulse Wave Generation and Propagation

Evers

Hager

Boes

2019

J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Empirical equations for the maximum wave amplitude generated by a landslide have been developed for a variety of experimental conditions. Methods of simulating the landslide have included solid blocks [Kamphuis and Bowering, 1970;Panizzo et al, 2005b;Saelevik et al, 2009;Heller and Spinneken, 2013] or bagged (or mesh-packed) granular Key Points: A physical model is used to investigate waves from long and thin landslides generated using a large granular mass that is released down slope In long and thin granular landslides, only a fraction of the landslide volume contributes to the generation of the first and highest wave Wave shapes, maximum amplitudes, and runup elevations are quantified relative to landslide parameters materials [Slingerland and Voight, 1982;Evers and Hager, 2015] released on a low friction surface under gravitational acceleration. Loose granular materials have also been used in previous studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunamis generated by long and thin granular landslides in a large flume

et al. 2017

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In this experimental study, granular material is released down slope to investigate landslide‐generated waves. Starting with a known volume and initial position of the landslide source, detailed data are obtained on the velocity and thickness of the granular flow, the shape and location of the submarine landslide deposit, the amplitude and shape of the near‐field wave, the far‐field wave evolution, and the wave runup elevation on a smooth impermeable slope. The experiments are performed on a 6.7 m long 30° slope on which gravity accelerates the landslides into a 2.1 m wide and 33.0 m long wave flume that terminates with a 27° runup ramp. For a fixed landslide volume of 0.34 m3, tests are conducted in a range of still water depths from 0.05 to 0.50 m. Observations from high‐speed cameras and measurements from wave probes indicate that the granular landslide moves as a long and thin train of material, and that only a portion of the landslide (termed the “effective mass”) is engaged in activating the leading wave. The wave behavior is highly dependent on the water depth relative to the size of the landslide. In deeper water, the near‐field wave behaves as a stable solitary‐like wave, while in shallower water, the wave behaves as a breaking dissipative bore. Overall, the physical model observations are in good agreement with the results of existing empirical equations when the effective mass is used to predict the maximum near‐field wave amplitude, the far‐field amplitude, and the runup of tsunamis generated by granular landslides.

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“…For the wave generation, mesh-packed granular material was used as an alternative to free granular material slides mainly in view of experimental effort and handling. Evers and Hager (2015) showed that waves generated by mesh-packed slides are physically similar to these generated with free granular material. Two different granules were loosely filled into bags of sifting medium, each.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Run-Up of Impulse Wave Trains on Steep to Vertical Slopes

2020

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Impulse wave trains are generated by subaerial landslides, rockfalls, or avalanches, impacting a water body. Especially in engineered reservoirs, the run-up of waves with small relative heights is critical due to the small freeboard between the still water level and the dam crest. To prevent overtopping, an accurate prediction of the maximum run-up height is important for dam safety and hazard mitigation. The run-up behavior of impulse wave trains on a plane and impermeable barrier with slope angles between 18.4° and 90° was investigated in a two-dimensional wave channel. New breaker type criteria and a run-up prediction equation for the first five waves were developed. The main findings are: (1) The wave crest celerity decreases monotonically from the leading to the following waves. (2) For non-breaking and surging-breaking waves of the same wave crest amplitude, the leading wave does not induce the maximum run-up height. (3) The proposed run-up equation predicts the run-up height of non-breaking waves and surging breakers with a maximum underestimation of 25% and 40%, respectively. For plunging breakers, it may serve as an upper limit.

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Impulse Wave Generation: Comparison of Free Granular with Mesh-Packed Slides

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Spatial Impulse Wave Generation and Propagation

Spatial Impulse Wave Generation and Propagation

Tsunamis generated by long and thin granular landslides in a large flume

Run-Up of Impulse Wave Trains on Steep to Vertical Slopes

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