Impulsive Choice Induced in Rats by Lesions of the Nucleus Accumbens Core

Cardinal, Rudolf N.; Pennicott, David R.; Lakmali, C.; Sugathapala,; Robbins, Trevor W.; Everitt, Barry J.

doi:10.1126/science.1060818

Cited by 809 publications

(714 citation statements)

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“…Previous work involving drug or lesion studies suggests that lower levels of 5-HT and DA are related to increased impulsive choice or increased rates of delay discounting (Evenden, 1999b;Cardinal et al, 2000Cardinal et al, , 2001Harrison et al, 1997;Mobini et al, 2000;Wogar et al, 1993). Such neurochemical effects may contribute to the present outcome as Lewis rats have been shown to have lower levels of 5-HT and DA in various brain regions relative to Fisher 344 rats (Selim and Bradberry, 1996;Lindley et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Reporting data in this way is consistent with other published studies (cf. Ryan, 1996, 1999;Cardinal et al, 2000Cardinal et al, , 2001) and thus, allows for comparisons among studies that have used the same or similar procedure. Statistical analysis of the data (repeated-measure ANOVA) were used to assess differences between the groups during baseline and drug treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of clomipramine on self-control choice in Lewis and Fischer 344 rats

Anderson

Woolverton

2005

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

118

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Rates of delay discounting (impulsive choice) have been shown to vary among individuals, particularly people who abuse drugs relative to those who do not, but factors that may contribute to these differences have not been identified. To explore a role for possible genetic and neurochemical determinants, Lewis (n=8) and Fischer 344 (n=8) rats were allowed to choose between one food pellet delivered immediately and three food pellets delivered after increasing delays. The delays to the large reinforcer (0, 10, 20, 40, 60 s) were increased across five blocks of trials in daily experimental sessions. For both groups of rats, choice for the larger reinforcer decreased as the delay to presentation increased. However, the Lewis rats were more likely to choose the smaller, immediate reinforcer earlier in the session, i.e., at shorter large-reinforcer delays, than the Fisher 344 rats. This difference in choice was statistically significant. Repeated administration of 3.0 mg/kg, i.p. clomipramine (mean of last five sessions) did not significantly alter choice, relative to baseline, for either strain. The present findings suggest that differences in delay discounting/impulsive choice may involve genetic, e.g., neurochemical, differences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of clomipramine on self-control choice in Lewis and Fischer 344 rats

Anderson

Woolverton

2005

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

118

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“…Recent evidence suggests that the NAC, well innervated by DA neurons, plays an important role in impulsive choice in rats (Cardinal et al, 2001). Aggressive and impulsive behaviors in rodents are modulated, in part, by DA activity at D1 and D2 receptors (Harrison et al, 1997;Vukhac et al, 2001).…”

Section: Da Dysfunction and Impulsive Behaviors In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine Dysfunction in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Hypothesis

Friedel

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

123

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Research on the biological basis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) has focused primarily on the serotonin model of impulsive aggression. However, there is evidence that dopamine (DA) dysfunction may also be associated with BPD. Pertinent research and review articles, identified by Medline searches of relevant topics, books, references from bibliographies, and conference proceedings from 1975 to 2003, were reviewed. Evidence of DA dysfunction in BPD derives from the efficacy of traditional and atypical antipsychotic agents in BPD, and from provocative challenges with amphetamine and methylphenidate of subjects with the disorder. In addition, human and animal studies indicate that DA activity plays an important role in emotion information processing, impulse control, and cognition. The results of this review suggest that DA dysfunction is associated with three dimensions of BPD, that is, emotional dysregulation, impulsivity, and cognitive-perceptual impairment. The main limitation of this hypothesis is that the evidence reviewed is circumstantial. There is no study that directly demonstrates DA dysfunction in BPD. In addition, the therapeutic effects of antipsychotic agents observed in BPD may be mediated by non-DA mechanisms of action. If the stated hypothesis is correct, DA dysfunction in BPD may result from genetic, developmental, or environmental factors directly affecting specific DA pathways. Alternatively, DA dysfunction in BPD may be a compensatory response to alterations in the primary neural systems that control emotion, impulse control, and cognition, and that are mediated by the brain's main neurotransmitters, glutamate, and GABA, or in one or more other neuromodulatory pathways such as serotonin, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine.

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“…It has been shown that the anterior cingulate cortex [17] and ventral striatum [12] and their dopaminergic innervation [7,14] may be critically involved in choices encompassing barriers as effort. The anterior cingulate cortex is not involved in choice behaviour based on delays as effort, whereas the ventral striatum is [4], although data from recent studies tend to suggest otherwise with respect to (dopamine in) the ventral striatum [9,16]. Thus far it has been shown that (the prelimbic and infralimbic areas of) the medial prefrontal cortex [4,5] and orbitofrontal cortex [10,18] are sensitive to choices involving delays.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anterior cingulate cortex is not involved in choice behaviour based on delays as effort, whereas the ventral striatum is [4], although data from recent studies tend to suggest otherwise with respect to (dopamine in) the ventral striatum [9,16]. Thus far it has been shown that (the prelimbic and infralimbic areas of) the medial prefrontal cortex [4,5] and orbitofrontal cortex [10,18] are sensitive to choices involving delays. Furthermore dopamine plays a role in choice behaviour based on delays, whereas serotonin is involved in choice behaviour based upon delays but not barriers [7].…”

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confidence: 99%

Rats assess costs and benefits according to an internal standard

Bos

Harst

Jonkman

et al. 2006

Behavioural Brain Research

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Variation in effort to obtain rewards is a fact of mammalian everyday life. In this study, we assess how rats scale variable costs and benefits. Different groups of rats were trained in a T-maze to discriminate a high (three or five sugar pellets) from a low reward (one sugar pellet) arm. Subsequently barriers were introduced at the high and low reward side such that the overall long-term pay-off of the high reward arm finally became lower than that of the low reward arm. The data show that under different regimes of costs (climbing barriers) and benefits (number of rewards) of the two arms rats appear to shift their behaviour towards the better side according to a constant relative cost-benefit ratio between the arms. Such a ratio allows them to deal with variation in the (physical appearance of) costs and benefits and choose the best long-term option. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Rats; Iowa gambling task; Sugar pellets; T-maze; Barriers; Cost-benefit assessment Variation in reward quality and magnitude is the rule rather than the exception for most organisms living under natural conditions. Therefore, both human and non-human animals trade off costs and benefits to optimise long-term behaviour [8,15]. As an example, it has been shown that humans choose the option with the best long-term pay-off in the Iowa Gambling Task, which contains moment-to-moment variation in costs (monetary losses) and benefits (monetary wins; 1). Effort to obtain rewards is another crucial factor in cost-benefit analyses. Several studies have been performed showing that animals assess costs and benefits of different options [6,7,[11][12][13]. These studies have shown that choice behaviour of animals is determined by the number of food items that can be obtained and the barriers that need to be crossed. However, it has not been assessed thus far how cost-benefit ratios of different options are directly compared and how moment-to-moment variation in effort and reward affects long-term choice behaviour when multiple options exist. Given the efficiency of behaviour in an environment that contains variation [8,15] it may be hypothesized that human and non-human animals scale variable costs and benefits according to a constant relative cost-benefit ratio. This allows them to deal with a * Corresponding author. Tel.: +31 30 2534373; fax: +31 30 2539227. E-mail address: R.vandenbos@las.vet.uu.nl (R. van den Bos).large number of costs and benefits, differing in actual (physical) appearance. We tested this in rats using a T-maze in which we introduced variation in rewards and effort.For this experiment, n = 17 Wistar rats (HsdCpb:WU, Harlan, The Netherlands) were used. All rats had already participated in another cost-benefit assessment experiment, which took place in a box different from the present experiment. They had been trained to discriminate arms differing in the proportion of sugar over quinine treated sugar pellets [2]. There was no evidence that this experiment had any effect on the present experiment. Al...

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Impulsive Choice Induced in Rats by Lesions of the Nucleus Accumbens Core

Cited by 809 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of clomipramine on self-control choice in Lewis and Fischer 344 rats

Effects of clomipramine on self-control choice in Lewis and Fischer 344 rats

Dopamine Dysfunction in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Hypothesis

Rats assess costs and benefits according to an internal standard

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