Impulsivity and negative priming: Evidence for diminished cognitive inhibition in impulsive children

Visser, Margreet; Das-Smaal, E.A.; Kwakman, H.

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1996.tb02580.x

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For word Stroop tasks, similar to the classical paradigm, the differences are observed only when 7-8 years children are compared with children older than 9 years or adolescents. If the sample only includes children older than 9 years, the age effect is not observed 12,15,31,32 . These findings support the hypotheses that reading becomes automatic after 9 years of age and, because of that, interference scores increase and reach adult level 12,15,31,32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the sample only includes children older than 9 years, the age effect is not observed 12,15,31,32 . These findings support the hypotheses that reading becomes automatic after 9 years of age and, because of that, interference scores increase and reach adult level 12,15,31,32 . In addition, when Stroop-like tasks without words were used, changes in susceptibility to interference were observed from 3 years of age, becoming more marked between 5 and 8 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of 119 Brazilian children on Stroop paradigm: Victoria version

Charchat‐Fichman¹,

Oliveira²

2009

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Background: The Stroop paradigm evaluates susceptibility to interference and is sensitive to dysfunction in frontal lobes. Performance in the Stroop changes along the development. Despite its usefulness in research and clinical settings, there are few studies with Brazilian samples. Objective: This study investigates the performance and age effect on Stroop paradigm of Brazilian children. Method: A sample of 119 children, aged from 7 to 10 years, was submitted to the Victoria version of Stroop. Results: The pattern of results observed was similar to that observed in foreign studies with adults and children. Younger children were overall slower than older ones (positive correlation between age and naming time). Also, younger children showed more susceptible to interference than older ones (negative correlation between age and number of errors for the maximal interference condition). Conclusion: There was an age effect explained in terms of developmental changes in information processing velocity and attention selectivity.KeY worDS: attention, cognition, neuropsychology, child. desempenho de 119 crianças brasileiras no paradigma Stroop -Versão Victoriaresumo -Introdução: o paradigma Stroop avalia a susceptibilidade à interferência e é sensível a disfunção nos lobos frontais. o desempenho no Stroop muda durante o desenvolvimento. Apesar de sua utilidade na pesquisa e na clínica, existem poucos estudos brasileiros. Objetivo: Investigar o desempenho e efeito de idade de crianças brasileiras no Stroop. Método: A versão Victoria do Stroop foi aplicada em 119 crianças (7 a 10 anos). Resultados: o padrão de resultados observado é comparável a estudos estrangeiros com adultos e crianças. Crianças mais jovens foram mais lentas do que as mais velhas (correlação positiva entre idade e tempo de nomeação). os mais jovens apresentaram maior susceptibilidade à interferência, comparados aos mais velhos (correlação negativa entre idade e número de erros para a condição de interferência máxima). Conclusão: o efeito de idade foi observado e discutido em termos de mudanças na velocidade de processamento da informação e na seletividade da atenção.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of 119 Brazilian children on Stroop paradigm: Victoria version

Charchat‐Fichman¹,

Oliveira²

2009

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…It remains to interpret the nature of these general deficits. If we refer to the existing literature that shows differences in cognitive functioning between obese and non-obese people (e.g., Nasser et al, 2004;Nederkoorn, Braet, et al, 2006), it could be argued that obese persons have a fundamental inhibition problem, corresponding to a high level of impulsivity (Horn, Dolan, Elliott, Deakin, & Woodruff, 2003;Stein, Hollander, DeCaria, & Trungold, 1991;Visser, Das-Smaal, & Kwakman, 1996;White et al, 1994). However, the modified shifting task does not allow one to characterize the precise nature of the inhibition deficit: it may be a deficit affecting prepotent response inhibition and/or a deficit affecting resistance to proactive interference (Friedman & Miyake, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The finding of a more pronounced inhibition problem in obese persons with binge eating disorder is of crucial practical importance. Some authors have shown that impulsivity, which is related to inhibitory difficulties (Horn et al, 2003;Stein et al, 1991;Visser et al, 1996;White et al, 1994), predicts overeating (Guerrieri, Nederkoorn, & Jansen, 2007). This tendency to overeat can, in turn, lead to weight gain and to the development of maladaptive strategies to control weight (e.g., dieting, skipping meals).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive deficits in obese persons with and without binge eating disorder. Investigation using a mental flexibility task

et al. 2011

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Objective: Studies suggest that cognitive deficits and attentional biases play a role in the development and maintenance of obesity and eating disorders. In this study, we simultaneously examine attentional biases, as well as inhibitory control and mental flexibility, which are keys to controlling unwanted behaviors and thoughts in obese patients with and without binge eating disorder. Methods: 16 obese patients with binge eating disorder and 16 patients without binge eating disorder were compared with 16 normal-weight controls on a ‘‘food/body-mental flexibility task'', which allows the investigation of inhibitory control, mental flexibility and attention for stimuli related to the body and food. Results: All obese patients made significantlymore errors (i.e., pressing a key when a distracter displayed) andmore omissions (i.e., not pressing a key when a target displayed) than controls in both food and body sections of the task. Obese participants with binge eating disorder made significantly more errors and omissions than those without binge eating disorder. No difference between groups was found concerning mental flexibility and cognitive biases for food- and body-related targets. Discussion: These results suggest that obese patients have a general inhibition problemand difficulty focusing attention, which do not depend on the types of stimuli processed. The results also suggest that these cognitive deficits are more severe in obese patients with binge eating disorder, which indicates that there is a continuum of increasing inhibition and cognitive problems with increasingly disordered eating. These cognitive deficits may contribute to problematic eating behaviors

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“…HI = high impulsiveness; LI = low impulsiveness; RTs = reaction times. ing that self-reported levels of impulsiveness in healthy individuals are not reflected in either inhibitory control as measured by Go/ Nogo (Fallgatter and Herrmann, 2001;Horn et al, 2003) or stopsignal tasks (Dimoska and Johnstone, 2007;Lansbergen et al, 2007), or in interference control as measured by the Stroop test (Visser et al, 1996;Avila and Parcet, 2001;Cheung et al, 2004;Kirkeby and Robinson, 2005). While self-report questionnaires measure different dimensions of trait impulsiveness, experimental tasks, such as the Go/Nogo or the stop-signal task, measure the prepotent response inhibition (Friedman and Miyake, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%