Impulsivity and Substance Use in Young Adulthood

Shin, Sunny H.; Chung, Yeonseung; Jeon, Sae-Mi

doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.00324.x

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A deeper understanding of the role of trait impulsivity in substance use may provide insight into more effective treatments (8,9,80) or provide better predictive markers (81–83). Because trait impulsivity is considered an inherent characteristic of an individual (13), and given that genetics contribute to both personality traits (84) and addiction (85), trait impulsivity could be a useful intermediate (a.k.a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique aspects of impulsive traits in substance use and overeating: specific contributions of common assessments of impulsivity

Beaton

Abdi

Filbey

2014

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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Background Impulsivity is a complex trait often studied in substance abuse and overeating disorders, but the exact nature of impulsivity traits and their contribution to these disorders are still debated. Thus, understanding how to measure impulsivity is essential for comprehending addictive behaviors. Objectives Identify unique impulsivity traits specific to substance use and overeating. Methods Impulsive Sensation Seeking (ImpSS) and Barratt’s Impulsivity scales (BIS) Scales were analyzed with a non-parametric factor analytic technique (discriminant correspondence analysis) to identify group-specific traits on 297 individuals from five groups: Marijuana (n = 88), Nicotine (n = 82), Overeaters (n = 27), Marijuauna + Nicotine (n = 63), and Controls (n = 37). Results A significant overall factor structure revealed three components of impulsivity that explained respectively 50.19% (pperm<0.0005), 24.18% (pperm<0.0005), and 15.98% (pperm<0.0005) of the variance. All groups were significantly different from one another. When analyzed together, the BIS and ImpSS produce a multi-factorial structure that identified the impulsivity traits specific to these groups. The group specific traits are (1) Control: low impulse, avoids thrill-seeking behaviors; (2) Marijuana: seeks mild sensation, is focused and attentive; (3) Marijuana + Nicotine: pursues thrill-seeking, lacks focus and attention; (4) Nicotine: lacks focus and planning; (5) Overeating: lacks focus, but plans (short and long term). Conclusions Our results reveal impulsivity traits specific to each group. This may provide better criteria to define spectrums and trajectories – instead of categories – of symptoms for substance use and eating disorders. Defining symptomatic spectrums could be an important step forward in diagnostic strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique aspects of impulsive traits in substance use and overeating: specific contributions of common assessments of impulsivity

Beaton

Abdi

Filbey

2014

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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“…The basic idea is that high trait impulsivity and its associated behaviours (e.g. drug intake) in an initially healthy person can represent a risk factor for chronic overstimulation of the reward system and subsequently occurring neural changes (Chang et al, 2007; Shin et al, 2013; Volkow et al, 2007). Repeated over-stimulation of the reward system during adolescents, a highly sensitive time window (Galvan, 2010; Spear, 2000) but in principle all stages of development can be affected as well, may shift the set-point of the reward system upwards (Koob and Le Moal, 1997, 2005).…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ventral–striatal responsiveness during reward anticipation in ADHD and its relation to trait impulsivity in the healthy population: A meta-analytic review of the fMRI literature

Plichta¹,

Scheres²

2014

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

373

318

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A review of the existing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on reward anticipation in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is provided. Meta-analysis showed a significant medium effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.48–0.58) in terms of ventral–striatal (VS)-hyporesponsiveness in ADHD. Studies on VS-responsiveness and trait impulsivity in the healthy population demonstrate the opposite relationship, i.e. impulsivity-scores positively correlated with VS activation during reward processing. Against the background that ADHD may represent an extreme on a continuum of normal variability, the question arises as to how these contrasting findings can be integrated. We discuss three theoretical approaches, each of which integrates the opposing findings: (1) an inverted-u-shape model; (2) a (genetic) moderator model; and (3) the “unrelated model”. We conclude that at the present stage the number of existing studies in the healthy population as well as in ADHD groups is too small for a final answer. Therefore, our presented integrative approaches should be understood as an attempt to frame future research directions by generating testable hypotheses and giving practical suggestions for future studies.

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“…Importantly, sensation seeking has been shown to correlate strongly with the frequency of engagement in certain kinds of risky behavior, whereas impulsive urgency has been found to correlate with problematic levels of risky behavior [31]. Individuals also low in conscientiousness are more likely to engage in substance use [32] and suicidality [33] as well as risky driving [34] and risky sexual behavior [35].…”

Section: Impulsive Traits and Risky Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Thickness Links Impulsive Personality Traits and Risky Behavior

et al. 2019

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Impulsive personality traits are often predictive of risky behavior, but not much is known about the neurobiological basis of this relationship. We investigated whether thickness of the cortical mantle varied as a function of impulsive traits and whether such variation also explained recent risky behavior. A community sample of 107 adults (ages 18-55; 54.2% men) completed self-report measures of impulsive traits and risky behavior followed by a neuroimaging protocol. Using the three-factor model of impulsive traits derived from the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, analysis of the entire cortical mantle identified three thickness clusters that related to impulsive traits. Sensation seeking was negatively related to thickness in the right pericalcarine cortex, whereas impulsive urgency was positively associated with thickness in the left superior parietal and right paracentral lobule. Notably, follow-up analyses showed that thickness in the right pericalcarine cortex also related to recent risky behavior, with the identified cluster mediating the association between sensation seeking and risky behavior. Findings suggest that reduced thickness in the pericalcarine region partially explains the link between sensation seeking and the tendency to engage in risky behavior, providing new insight into the neurobiological basis of these relationships.

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Impulsivity and Substance Use in Young Adulthood

Cited by 35 publications

References 41 publications

Unique aspects of impulsive traits in substance use and overeating: specific contributions of common assessments of impulsivity

Unique aspects of impulsive traits in substance use and overeating: specific contributions of common assessments of impulsivity

Ventral–striatal responsiveness during reward anticipation in ADHD and its relation to trait impulsivity in the healthy population: A meta-analytic review of the fMRI literature

Cortical Thickness Links Impulsive Personality Traits and Risky Behavior

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