Impulsivity and test meal intake in obese binge eating women

Nasser, Jennifer A.; Gluck, Marci E.; Geliebter, Allan

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2004.04.006

Cited by 160 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The dissociation of cardiac changes support earlier experimental study specifically tying cognitive stress effects to cortisol, rather than a more general stress response, and indicates thatFin our populationFthe effects were specific to the acute stress response rather than occurring under baseline conditions. This study has direct implications for understanding the role of cognitive control with respect to behavior modification, including cognitive behavioral therapy, in the treatment of obesity, [38][39][40][41][42][43][44] and in understanding how the obese may differ cognitively from the healthy population in the application of these techniques under acute stress. Future studies, using larger participant sample sizes, more rigorous body fat indices, tasks capable of differentiating between specific cognitive functions and targeting more directly the obese population, will further enhance our understanding of the relationship between endocrine and cognitive stress resilience as a function of body fat, and will also explore the implications of these studies with respect to chronic, rather than acute, real-world stressors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher body fat percentage is associated with increased cortisol reactivity and impaired cognitive resilience in response to acute emotional stress

2008

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Objective: Cortisol is elevated in individuals with both increased emotional stress and higher percentages of body fat. Cortisol is also known to affect cognitive performance, particularly spatial processing and working memory. We hypothesized that increased body fat might therefore be associated with decreased performance on a spatial processing task, in response to an acute real-world stressor. Design: We tested two separate samples of participants undergoing their first (tandem) skydive. In the first sample (N ¼ 78), participants were tested for salivary cortisol and state anxiety (Spielberger State Anxiety Scale) during the plane's 15-min ascent to altitude in immediate anticipation of the jump. In a second sample (N ¼ 20), participants were tested for salivary cortisol, as well as cardiac variables (heart rate, autonomic regulation through heart rate variability) and performance on a cognitive task of spatial processing, selective attention and working memory. Results: In response to the skydive, individuals with greater body fat percentages showed significantly increased reactivity for both cortisol (on both samples) and cognition, including decreased accuracy of our task of spatial processing, selective attention and working memory. These cognitive effects were restricted to the stress response and were not found under baseline conditions. There were no body fat interactions with cardiac changes in response to the stressor, suggesting that the cognitive effects were specifically hormone mediated rather than secondary to general activation of the autonomic nervous system. Conclusions: Our results indicate that, under real-world stress, increased body fat may be associated with endocrine stress vulnerability, with consequences for deleterious cognitive performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher body fat percentage is associated with increased cortisol reactivity and impaired cognitive resilience in response to acute emotional stress

2008

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“…BED refers to frequent episodes of binge eating characterized by loss of control over eating and consumption of a large amount of food, accompanied by marked distress. However, until now, only a few studies of the cognitive functions of obese adults and children have compared the cognitive functioning of obese persons without eating disorders with that of obese persons with eating disorders (e.g., Nasser, Gluck, & Geliebter, 2004;Nederkoorn, Braet, et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It remains to interpret the nature of these general deficits. If we refer to the existing literature that shows differences in cognitive functioning between obese and non-obese people (e.g., Nasser et al, 2004;Nederkoorn, Braet, et al, 2006), it could be argued that obese persons have a fundamental inhibition problem, corresponding to a high level of impulsivity (Horn, Dolan, Elliott, Deakin, & Woodruff, 2003;Stein, Hollander, DeCaria, & Trungold, 1991;Visser, Das-Smaal, & Kwakman, 1996;White et al, 1994). However, the modified shifting task does not allow one to characterize the precise nature of the inhibition deficit: it may be a deficit affecting prepotent response inhibition and/or a deficit affecting resistance to proactive interference (Friedman & Miyake, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cognitive deficits in obese persons with and without binge eating disorder. Investigation using a mental flexibility task

et al. 2011

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Objective: Studies suggest that cognitive deficits and attentional biases play a role in the development and maintenance of obesity and eating disorders. In this study, we simultaneously examine attentional biases, as well as inhibitory control and mental flexibility, which are keys to controlling unwanted behaviors and thoughts in obese patients with and without binge eating disorder. Methods: 16 obese patients with binge eating disorder and 16 patients without binge eating disorder were compared with 16 normal-weight controls on a ‘‘food/body-mental flexibility task'', which allows the investigation of inhibitory control, mental flexibility and attention for stimuli related to the body and food. Results: All obese patients made significantlymore errors (i.e., pressing a key when a distracter displayed) andmore omissions (i.e., not pressing a key when a target displayed) than controls in both food and body sections of the task. Obese participants with binge eating disorder made significantly more errors and omissions than those without binge eating disorder. No difference between groups was found concerning mental flexibility and cognitive biases for food- and body-related targets. Discussion: These results suggest that obese patients have a general inhibition problemand difficulty focusing attention, which do not depend on the types of stimuli processed. The results also suggest that these cognitive deficits are more severe in obese patients with binge eating disorder, which indicates that there is a continuum of increasing inhibition and cognitive problems with increasingly disordered eating. These cognitive deficits may contribute to problematic eating behaviors

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“…On the one hand, women with BED may truncate the generative search process earlier due to a failure in the SAS (Burgess & Shallice, 1996), which serves to regulate, monitor, select and verify memory search (Shallice, 1988). There is evidence that such executive skills may be impaired in women with BED (Favaro et al, 2005;Nasser, Gluck, & Geliebter, 2004;Svaldi, Brand et al, 2010). It is of note, that obese women (Nederkoorn, Smulders, Havermans, Roefs, & Jansen, 2006) and obese children (Nederkoorn, Braet, Van Eijs, Tanghe, & Jansen, 2006) are also affected by less adequate executive skills.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overgeneral Memory in Binge Eating Disorder is Linked to Binge Frequency

Svaldi

Ababneh

Trentowska

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Psychopathology

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Research on memory biases in binge eating disorder (BED) has primarily analyzed the content of disorder specific thoughts such as memory for eating, shape and weight related words. By investigating recall of autobiographical memories (AM) in individuals with BED, this study primarily focused on recollection strategies. Such strategies include individuals' number of recalled specific and categoric AM on the autobiographical memory test (AMT) and have previously been shown to be implicated in the maintenance of emotional disorders. Thirty women with BED and 24 overweight healthy controls (HC) were compared on the AMT with six positively and six negatively valenced cues. Women with BED retrieved more categoric memories and produced more omissions to positively valenced cues than HC. There was also a significant and positive correlation of categoric memories and binge frequency, suggesting that overgenerality may function as a maintenance factor of eating pathology in BED.

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Impulsivity and test meal intake in obese binge eating women

Cited by 160 publications

References 24 publications

Higher body fat percentage is associated with increased cortisol reactivity and impaired cognitive resilience in response to acute emotional stress

Higher body fat percentage is associated with increased cortisol reactivity and impaired cognitive resilience in response to acute emotional stress

Cognitive deficits in obese persons with and without binge eating disorder. Investigation using a mental flexibility task

Overgeneral Memory in Binge Eating Disorder is Linked to Binge Frequency

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