Impulsivity: From Theoretical Constructs To Applied Interventions

Abstract

Studies about the characteristics, assessment, and treatment of impulsive children are reviewed and summarized from the viewpoint of their application to school settings. Research has indicated that impulsive children often display such characteristics as global search-and-scan strategies, poor selective attention, low anxiety over errors, aggressive social behavior, immaturity of moral reasoning, externalized behavior problems, and deficient reading skills. Impulsivity has typically been assessed with visual discrimination tests and behavioral ratings by teachers. Treatment of impulsivity has included cognitive training such as modeling and self-instructional training, and behavioral methods such as positive reinforcement and response cost. Specific recommendations about the assessment and treatment of impulsivity in school are emphasized.

Practice schedule and cognitive style interaction in learning a maze task

“…Kagan, Pearson and Welch, 1966), our results seem to indicate that the reverse may be true: apparently instructions to minimize error can make impulsives adjust their speed-accuracy trade-off. This finding is consistent with research showing that impulsive behaviour can be modified with a training programme that emphasizes accuracy and de-emphasizes speed of response (Thompson, Teare and Elliott, 1983). Only for reflectives, both retention and transfer data show the typical contextual interference effect in that they make fewer errors and move more quickly after practice in the random practice schedule, but make more errors and move more slowly after practice in the blocked schedule.…”

Are parents' knowledge and practice regarding immunization related to pediatrics’ immunization compliance? a mixed method study

“…The total knowledge and practice scores ranged from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating a higher level of immunization knowledge and practices. According to the median split method [ 25 - 27 ], parents with a total score of less than 12 (median) were considered as having inadequate knowledge and practices regarding child immunization and parents with scores from 12 to 20 were considered as having adequate knowledge and practices. This scoring method and categorization were used to identify the degree of parental immunization knowledge and practices in the current study.…”

Factors underlying inadequate parents’ awareness regarding pediatrics immunization: findings of cross-sectional study in Mosul- Iraq

“…The total knowledge and practice scores ranged from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating a higher level of immunization knowledge and practices. According to the median split method [ 18 - 20 ], parents with a total score of less than 12 (median) were considered as having inadequate knowledge and practices regarding child immunization and parents with scores from 12 to 20 were considered as having adequate knowledge and practices. This scoring method and categorization were used to identify the degree of parental immunization knowledge and practices in the current study.…”