Impulsivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Within-subjects comparison of sensitivity to delay and to amount of reinforcement

Orduña, Vladimir; Mercado, Eduardo

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.033

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…During Condition B, in comparison to Condition A, SHRs tended to be more impulsive while WKYs tended to be more self-controlled. These tendencies did not reach statistical significance perhaps due to the previous experience on delay discounting without the possibility to engage in schedule-induced behavior, and/or because each delay value lasted only one session, or the small sample size of the groups (though similar to previous reports: e.g., Fox et al, 2008; Orduña and Mercado, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Differences in the discounting rate between SHR and WKY rats have been reported in previous studies (Bizot et al, 2007; Fox et al, 2008; Hand et al, 2009; Sutherland et al, 2009; Íbias and Pellón, 2011, 2014; Wooters and Bardo, 2011; Orduña, 2015; Orduña and Mercado, 2017; Aparicio et al, 2019). In our experiment, no strain differences were observed, although visual inspection shows a trend for SHRs to discount more steeply than WKYs between delays of 9 and 18 s in Condition B.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

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Effect of Schedule-Induced Behavior on Responses of Spontaneously Hypertensive and Wistar–Kyoto Rats in a Delay-Discounting Task: A Preliminary Report

Ramos

López-Tolsa

Sjoberg

et al. 2019

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Delay discounting is the loss of the subjective value of an outcome as the time to its delivery increases. It has been suggested that organisms can become more tolerant of this delay when engaging in schedule-induced behaviors. Schedule-induced behaviors are those that develop at a high rate during intermittent reinforcement schedules without the need of arranged contingency to the reinforcer, and they have been considered as a model of compulsivity. There is evidence that relates compulsivity to greater delay discounting. The rate of delay discounting represents how impulsive the subject is, as the rate of discounting increases the higher the impulsivity. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to undertake a preliminary evaluation of whether developing schedule-induced behaviors affects performance in a delay-discounting task, by comparing spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats. The rats were exposed to a task that consisted of presenting the subjects with two levers: one produced a small, immediate food reinforcer while the other one produced a larger, delayed reinforcer. During Condition A, the levers were presented, and a water bottle and a running wheel were available in the conditioning chambers; during Condition B, only the levers were presented. SHR and WKY rats developed schedule-induced behaviors during Condition A and showed no difference in discounting rates, contradicting previous reports. Lick allocation during response-reinforcer delays and the inter-trial interval (ITI) showed, respectively, pre- and post-food distributions. Discounting rates during Condition B (when rats could not engage in schedule-induced behaviors) did not reach statistical significance difference among strains of animals, although it was observed a tendency for WKY to behave more self-controlled. Likewise it was not found any effect of schedule-induced behavior on discounting rates, however, a tendency for WKY rats to behave more impulsive during access to drink and run seems to tentatively support the idea of schedule-induced behavior as a model of compulsivity in those rats, being impulsivity simply defined as an excess in behavior.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Effect of Schedule-Induced Behavior on Responses of Spontaneously Hypertensive and Wistar–Kyoto Rats in a Delay-Discounting Task: A Preliminary Report

Ramos

López-Tolsa

Sjoberg

et al. 2019

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…The concurrent-chains procedure can also be used to determine how a drug affects sensitivity to delayed reinforcement and sensitivity to reinforcer amount (see Pitts and Febbo 2004). The use of concurrent-chains procedures to measure delay discounting has become more common in recent years (Aparicio et al 2013; Aparicio et al 2015; Aparicio et al in press; Beeby and White 2013; Grace 2002; Johnson et al 2013; Oliveira et al 2014; Ong and White 2004; Orduña 2015; Orduña and Mercado 2017; Orduña et al 2013; Pitts and Febbo 2004), although pharmacological manipulations have rarely been included in this paradigm (but see Johnson et al 2013; Pitts and Febbo 2004). If using a concurrent-chains procedure, it may be best to use the generalized matching law to describe how drugs alter delay discounting, as this analysis allows one to determine if pharmacological manipulations selectively alter sensitivity to delayed reinforcement or alter sensitivity to reinforcer magnitude (see Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a concurrent-chains procedure (Aparicio et al 2013; Aparicio et al 2015; Aparicio et al in press; Beeby and White 2013; Grace 2002; Johnson et al 2013; Oliveira et al 2014; Ong and White 2004; Orduña 2015; Orduña and Mercado 2017; Orduña et al 2013; Pitts and Febbo 2004), animals do not make a choice between rewards directly; instead, they make a choice between sources of reinforcement. Specifically, each trial is composed of an initial link and a terminal link.…”

Section: Measuring Delay Discounting In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting drug effects in preclinical models of impulsive choice: emphasis on glutamatergic compounds

Yates

2018

Psychopharmacology

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Future studies should utilize paradigms that allow one to observe alterations in responding at each delay (e.g., concurrent-chains schedules). Concerning statistical analyses, using parameter estimates derived from nonlinear functions or incorporating the generalized matching law can allow one to determine if drugs affect sensitivity to delayed reinforcement or impair discrimination of the large and small magnitude reinforcers. Using these approaches can help further our understanding of the neurochemical underpinnings of delay discounting.

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“…The SHR model is well researched, but has only been used a little more than a dozen times in delay discounting research [ 32 , 35 , 38 – 52 ]. Most studies on delay discounting using SHRs find that the rats act more impulsively on the task compared to controls [ 32 , 35 , 40 , 42 , 43 , 45 – 47 , 49 , 50 ], indicated by a higher tendency to choose the small reinforcer when long delays are present for the large reinforcer, although other studies have failed to find any such strain difference [ 38 , 41 , 44 , 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Previous experience with delays affects delay discounting in animal model of ADHD

et al. 2023

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Background ADHD is a disorder where a common symptom is impulsive behaviour, a broad term associated with making sub-optimal choices. One frequently used method to investigate impulsive behaviour is delay discounting, which involves choosing between a small, immediate reinforcer and a delayed, larger one. Choosing the small immediate reinforcer is by itself, however, not sufficient for terming the choice impulsive, as all organisms eventually switch to choosing the small, immediate reinforcer when the delay to the larger reinforcer becomes long. This switch can be termed impulsive only when it occurs more frequently, or at shorter LL delays, than typically observed in normal controls. A poorly understood aspect is how choice is influenced by previous experience with delays. Using an animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat, we manipulated the order of exposure to delays in a delay discounting task. Following a preference test, the Ascending group experienced gradually increasing delays between choice and reinforcer while the Descending group were exposed to these delays in reverse order. Results The results showed that the Descending group chose the small, immediate reinforcer over the larger delayed to a much larger extent than the Ascending group, and continued to do so even when the delay component was ultimately removed. Strain effects were found in the Ascending group, with SHRs switching to the small, immediate reinforcer earlier than controls as the delay to the larger reinforcer increased. Conclusion The data suggests that delay discounting is affected by history of exposure to delayed consequences. When reinforcement contingencies are incrementally changed from having no response-reinforcer delay to a long delay, discounting of delayed consequences is gradual. However, a sudden change from no delay to a long delay, without intermediate training, results in a rapid switch to the small, immediate reinforcer option, and this behaviour is somewhat resilient to the shortening and eventual removal of the large reinforcer delay. The implication is that attempting to reduce already existing impulsive behaviour in children with ADHD will require gradual habituation and not sudden changes in reinforcement contingencies.

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Impulsivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Within-subjects comparison of sensitivity to delay and to amount of reinforcement

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

Effect of Schedule-Induced Behavior on Responses of Spontaneously Hypertensive and Wistar–Kyoto Rats in a Delay-Discounting Task: A Preliminary Report

Effect of Schedule-Induced Behavior on Responses of Spontaneously Hypertensive and Wistar–Kyoto Rats in a Delay-Discounting Task: A Preliminary Report

Dissecting drug effects in preclinical models of impulsive choice: emphasis on glutamatergic compounds

Previous experience with delays affects delay discounting in animal model of ADHD

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