Impulsivity, personality disorders and pathological gambling severity

Steel, Zachary; Blaszczynski, Alex

doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1998.93689511.x

Cited by 256 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Such a finding is consistent with recent work on the role of brain reward circuitry in PG, ADHD, as well as other psychiatric disorders like substance abuse and major depression (Chau et al, 2004), and is highly consistent with other research, supporting the role of impulsivity in mediating the severity of gambling behavior (Chambers and Potenza, 2003;Steel and Blaszczynski, 1998). PG has been indeed associated to the impulsive subtype of ADHD in several clinical-epidemiology studies.…”

Section: Impulsivity and Risk Pronenesssupporting

confidence: 78%

Increased impulsive behavior and risk proneness following lentivirus-mediated dopamine transporter over-expression in rats' nucleus accumbens

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-Multiple theories have been proposed for sensation seeking and vulnerability to impulse-control disorders [Zuckerman M, Kuhlman DM (2000) Personality and risk-taking: Common biosocial factors. J Pers 68:999 -1029], and many of these rely on a dopamine system deficit. Available animal models reproduce only some behavioral symptoms and seem devoid of construct validity. We used lentivirus tools for over-expressing or silencing the dopamine transporter (DAT) and we evaluated the resulting behavioral profiles in terms of motivation and self-control. Wistar adult rats received stereotaxic inoculation of a lentivirus that allowed localized intra-accumbens delivery of a DAT gene enhancer/ silencer, or the green fluorescent protein, GFP. These animals were studied for intolerance to delay, risk proneness and novelty seeking. As expected, controls shifted their demanding from a large reward toward a small one when the delivery of the former was increasingly delayed (or uncertain). Interestingly, in the absence of general locomotor effects, DAT over-expressing rats showed increased impulsivity (i.e. a more marked shift of demanding from the large/ delayed toward the small/soon reward), and increased risk proneness (i.e. a less marked shift from the large/uncertain toward the small/sure reward), compared with controls. Rats with enhanced or silenced DAT expression did not show any significant preference for a novel environment. In summary, consistent with literature on comorbidity between attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder and pathological gambling, we demonstrate that DAT over-expression in rats' nucleus accumbens leads to impulsive and risk prone phenotype. Thus, a reduced dopaminergic tone following altered accumbal DAT function may subserve a sensation-seeker phenotype and the vulnerability to impulse-control disorders.

show abstract

Section: Impulsivity and Risk Pronenesssupporting

confidence: 78%

Increased impulsive behavior and risk proneness following lentivirus-mediated dopamine transporter over-expression in rats' nucleus accumbens

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In their analysis of the NESARC data, Petry (2005) and colleagues identified increased odds of Paranoid and Schizoid Personality Disorders among individuals with PGD. Earlier research has also reported high percentages of the Cluster A and Cluster C disorders among treatment seeking gamblers (Steel & Blaszczynski, 1998). Various researchers have identified a relationship between Cluster C diagnoses and PGD in treatment samples (Specker et al, 1996;Steel et al, 1998), particularly for Avoidant Personality (Specker et al, 1996) and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (Black & Moyer, 1998).…”

Section: Pathological Gambling and Personality Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier research has also reported high percentages of the Cluster A and Cluster C disorders among treatment seeking gamblers (Steel & Blaszczynski, 1998). Various researchers have identified a relationship between Cluster C diagnoses and PGD in treatment samples (Specker et al, 1996;Steel et al, 1998), particularly for Avoidant Personality (Specker et al, 1996) and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (Black & Moyer, 1998). For example, in a study of psychiatric outpatients, Henderson (2004) found that those with PGD displayed elevated scores on Avoidant, Compulsive, and Self-Defeating Personality Scales.…”

Section: Pathological Gambling and Personality Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between gambling pathology and personality disorders

Sacco

Cunningham-Williams

Ostmann

et al. 2008

Journal of Psychiatric Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Impulsivity is an important component in PG [27]. Many studies have found that Pathological gamblers score higher on impulsivity [28]. A number of events like anti-social behaviour, personality disorder; attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) are some of the syndromes associated with PG.…”

Section: Phenomenology Of Pathological Gamblingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino Acids in Pathological Gambling and in its Alleviation: Pharmacological Approaches

Gupta¹

2010

TOADDJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Labelling Pathological gambling (PG) with a tag of Socio-Psychological problem more than medical causes hampers its pharmacological treatment. Because of this, its neurobiology has been studied only a little, limited to abnormalities in the serotonergic, noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems. Besides this; studies on the role of precursors of these neurotransmitters are almost negligible. Higher concentrations of known precursors like tryptophan, tyrosine and phenyl alanine have been reported in the CSF of pathological gamblers. In addition to this, recently many other inhibitory and excitatory amino acids like GABA, taurine, aspartic and glutamic acids have been found to be in much higher concentration, providing a basis for the candidate amino acids in the therapy of PG. Many of these amino acids have beneficial actions in a number of CNS problems. On this basis, as most of these amino acids are non-toxic and natural, such amino acids can be used as supplements /compliments in PG therapy. One of these amino acids, taurine, a sulfur containing amino acid which is now part of various energy drinks, anti-ageing and anti-diabetes formulas, mood enhancers and many more alternative medicine applications, also could exert beneficial actions in alleviating PG. Therapy with amino acids also has its own limitations; hence development of pro-drug derivatives of these amino acids may constitute a new class of therapeutic agent for PG. This review is a blended form of synthesis and synopsis about various amino acids in the context of PG, considering their potential utility and providing a provocative stimulus for scientific thinkers.

show abstract

Impulsivity, personality disorders and pathological gambling severity

Cited by 256 publications

References 19 publications

Increased impulsive behavior and risk proneness following lentivirus-mediated dopamine transporter over-expression in rats' nucleus accumbens

Increased impulsive behavior and risk proneness following lentivirus-mediated dopamine transporter over-expression in rats' nucleus accumbens

The association between gambling pathology and personality disorders

Amino Acids in Pathological Gambling and in its Alleviation: Pharmacological Approaches

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About