Impurities in biogas: Analytical strategies, occurrence, effects and removal technologies

Bragança, Idalina; Sánchez-Soberón, Francisco; Pantuzza, Gabriel F.; Alves, Arminda; Ratola, Nuno

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105878

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…As discussed before, biomass pretreatments are necessary to improve the degradability and, therefore, the methane yield of the processed substrate; however, some pretreatments are necessary for the upgrading of biogas to biomethane and for avoiding the presence of contaminants [100]. These could be extremely harmful for the technologies used for the process and the presence of some substances could also adversely affect the chemical reactions that occur in some cases [101].…”

Section: Biomethane Impuritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the State of the Art of Biomethane Production: Recent Advancements and Integration of Renewable Energies

et al. 2021

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Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is a well-established process that is becoming increasingly popular, especially as a technology for organic waste treatment; the process produces biogas, which can be upgraded to biomethane, which can be used in the transport sector or injected into the natural gas grid. Considering the sensitivity of Anaerobic Digestion to several process parameters, mathematical modeling and numerical simulations can be useful to improve both design and control of the process. Therefore, several different modeling approaches were presented in the literature, aiming at providing suitable tools for the design and simulation of these systems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the recent advancements in the biomethane production from different points of view. Special attention is paid to the integration of this technology with additional renewable energy sources, such as solar, geothermal and wind, aimed at achieving a fully renewable biomethane production. In this case, auxiliary heat may be provided by solar thermal or geothermal energy, while wind or photovoltaic plants can provide auxiliary electricity. Recent advancements in plants design, biomethane production and mathematical modeling are shown in the paper, and the main challenges that these fields must face with are discussed. Considering the increasing interest of industries, public policy makers and researchers in this field, the efficiency and profitability such hybrid renewable solutions for biomethane production are expected to significantly improve in the next future, provided that suitable subsidies and funding policies are implemented to support their development.

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Section: Biomethane Impuritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the State of the Art of Biomethane Production: Recent Advancements and Integration of Renewable Energies

et al. 2021

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“…Em termos percentuais, o biogás é composto principalmente de 50-75% metano (CH4), 25-50% de dióxido de carbono (CO2), apresentando ainda, em torno de 1-2% de nitrogênio e oxigênio (NOx), hidrogênio (0-1%), sulfeto de hidrogênio (0-2%) e oxigênio (<1%) [3], [4]. Sua composição está intimamente ligada aos aspectos de obtenção do biogás, principalmente da matéria-prima utilizada.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Inventário do ciclo de vida de biogás para geração de energia elétrica: estudo de caso em uma fazenda leiteira / Life Cycle Inventory of biogas for electricity generation: a case study in a dairy farm

Costa¹,

Borges²,

Teixeira³

et al. 2021

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A gestão de resíduos agrícolas e industriais é necessária para mitigar a poluição ambiental resultante de manejo de animais. Uma alternativa é utilizar resíduos para geração de energia, tornando um substrato com alto potencial poluidor ao meio ambiente em produto com maior valor agregado, como o biogás. O uso da Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV) para quantificar os impactos ambientais desses processos é uma ferramenta ideal e já consolidada mundialmente. Dentro das fases da ACV, a coleta de dados de inventário, definição das fronteiras e unidade funcional são pontos que devem ser explorados de maneira detalhada antes da construção do modelo. Quanto mais detalhado é o inventário, maior será a precisão de tomadas de decisão acerca dos processos analisados. Portanto, este estudo tem como objetivo elaborar um Inventário do Ciclo de Vida (ICV) da produção de biogás para geração de energia elétrica, utilizando o esterco do gado leiteiro como matéria-prima. A elaboração do ICV se deu por meio da coleta de dados locais em uma fazenda com atividades voltadas para a bovinocultura leiteira e com produção própria de biogás. Os resultados do ICV mostraram dados locais da produção diária de

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“…8 Usually they are present at a trace level, but the final content depends on the origin of the biogas, as shown in Table 1. 9 Siloxanes are also one of the current back stoppers for the widespread use of biogas as a renewable fuel in energy production because they may cause operational problems in the current biogas utilization systems, such as turbines, engines, or catalysts for steam reforming or fuel cells. Siloxanes decompose at high temperatures, generating silicates and SiO 2 , which can accumulate on the surface of pistons, cylinders, turbine blades, or internal combustion engine walls, causing abrasion and leading to failure of the equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The origin of siloxanes in biogas is found in organic silica compounds such as household (detergents), industrial (coating paints), and personal care products (shampoos, cosmetics), and thus they have been almost exclusively detected in biogas from landfills and WWTPs . Usually they are present at a trace level, but the final content depends on the origin of the biogas, as shown in Table …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Presence of Siloxanes in Biogas Chemical Looping Combustion

et al. 2021

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Siloxanes are a group of Si-based impurities, common in biogas. Although normally present in relatively small amounts, their presence could be highly problematic, as the generated Si could be a precursor to abrasion and wear in downstream components. In this work, the siloxane effect in biogas chemical looping combustion (CLC) was evaluated. CLC of biogas could be an efficient way of achieving CO2 negative emissions. Two oxygen carriers (CuO-based and Fe2O3-based residue) were used in the combustion of a simulated biogas stream in a batch fluidized bed reactor. Here one of the most common siloxane compounds (hexamethyldisiloxane, L2) was utilized together with methane, the most common combustible component in biogas. The siloxane decomposed in the batch reactor, forming gaseous compounds and Si-based particles. The gaseous compounds formed (mainly CO, H2, CH4, and C2) were able to react with the oxygen carrier, whereas the Si originating from the siloxane interacted with the oxygen carrier particles. Elemental analyses of samples obtained from the reactor bed after combustion experiments revealed that significant amounts of Si from siloxane could be found in the oxygen carrier. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses of the same samples showed that silica in the oxygen carrier was mainly found at the surface of the particles and in the form of SiO2 or silicates/aluminosilicates. The XPS results were in agreement with a theoretical thermodynamic analysis performed to determine the possible stable Si-based species that may be formed. Although the deposition/formation of silica compounds in the oxygen carrier may lead to the agglomeration of particles, such a phenomenon was not observed in the present work.

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Impurities in biogas: Analytical strategies, occurrence, effects and removal technologies

Cited by 48 publications

References 176 publications

A Review of the State of the Art of Biomethane Production: Recent Advancements and Integration of Renewable Energies

A Review of the State of the Art of Biomethane Production: Recent Advancements and Integration of Renewable Energies

Inventário do ciclo de vida de biogás para geração de energia elétrica: estudo de caso em uma fazenda leiteira / Life Cycle Inventory of biogas for electricity generation: a case study in a dairy farm

Effect of the Presence of Siloxanes in Biogas Chemical Looping Combustion

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