In-body Antennas Design Based on Fundamental Limits of Obtainable Power Density

Examination of Impedance Response of Capsule- Integrated Antennas Through Gastrointestinal Tract

“…When a capsule with an ingestible antenna is swallowed, it is transmitted through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that consists of various tissues, namely the GI tissues, which have different electromagnetic (EM) properties [8]. Therefore, during the design of an in-body antenna, the EM properties of the surrounding environment must be considered, as they strongly affect the antenna parameters such as the operating frequency and antenna efficiency [9]. As the capsule travels through the GI tract, the varying EM properties of different GI tissues may cause a shift in the operating frequency or also affect the antenna efficiency.…”