In-cylinder thermochemical fuel reforming for high efficiency in ammonia spark-ignited engines through hydrogen generation from fuel-rich operations

Liu, Jinlong; Liu, Zhentao

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.146

Cited by 73 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Hydrogen co-burned with ammonia as a one-fuel mixture gives promising results, improving the performance of the engine fueled in this way. Researchers in [137] extensively described both these phenomena and the concept of simultaneous fueling of the engine, with both fuels, while supplying only ammonia fuel to the engine, which is partially reformed to hydrogen while fueling the engine.…”

Section: Ammonia Used As a Fuel For Icesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Hydrogen-Enriched Fuels and the Promise of HCNG in Industrial Dual-Fuel Engines

Szamrej,

Karczewski

2024

Energies

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This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the selected properties of HCNG fuel calculations and a literature review of the other fuels that allow the storage of ecologically produced hydrogen. Hydrogen has the most significant CO2 reduction potential of all known fuels. However, its transmission in pure form is still problematic, and its use as a component of fuels modified by it has now become an issue of interest for researchers. Many types of hydrogen-enriched fuels have been invented. However, this article will describe the reasons why HCNG may be the hydrogen-enriched fuel of the future and why internal combustion (IC) piston engines working on two types of fuel could be the future method of using it. CO2 emissions are currently a serious problem in protecting the Earth’s natural climate. However, secondarily, power grid stabilization with a large share of electricity production from renewable energy sources must be stabilized with very flexible sources—as flexible as multi-fuel IC engines. Their use is becoming an essential element of the electricity power systems of Western countries, and there is a chance to use fuels with zero or close to zero CO2 emissions, like e-fuels and HCNG. Dual-fuel engines have become an effective way of using these types of fuels efficiently; therefore, in this article, the parameters of hydrogen-enriched fuel selected in terms of relevance to the use of IC engines are considered. Inaccuracies found in the literature analysis are discussed, and the essential properties of HCNG and its advantages over other hydrogen-rich fuels are summarized in terms of its use in dual-fuel (DF) IC engines.

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Section: Ammonia Used As a Fuel For Icesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Hydrogen-Enriched Fuels and the Promise of HCNG in Industrial Dual-Fuel Engines

Szamrej,

Karczewski

2024

Energies

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“…In this context, battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are assuming a more significant role, driven by advancements in battery technology and the pressing demand for sustainable transportation solutions. Significantly, the allure of electric trains resides in their quiet operation and absence of emissions, both of which are advantageous for the environment [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Vehicle-Following Control for Four-Wheel Independent Drive Based on Regenerative Braking System Control Mechanism for Battery Electric Vehicle Conversion Driven by PMSM 30 kW

Techalimsakul,

Keyoonwong

2024

Energies

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This study proposed the hybrid energy storage paradigm (HESP) equipped with front-wheel permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) for battery electric vehicles (BEVs). In this case, all four wheels are driven by a single motor using mechanical coupling to distribute the motor’s power to each wheel evenly. The HESP is a combination of several supercapacitors (SCs) and an NMC-lithium battery equipped with an advanced artificial neural network (ANN) that will enhance the regenerative braking system (RBS) efficiency of energy storage during braking. The three-phase inverter switching algorithm ensures efficient regenerative braking and fine adjustment of the brake force distribution. Under the RBS, the HESP with the ANN first transfers braking energy to the SC and, when the safety standard is reached, the SC transfers it to the battery. The RBS control maintains an even distribution of braking force at all distances to ensure stability during braking. The results show that a traditional BEV can drive 245.46 km (35 cycles), while an EV with an RBS-only battery can drive 282.56 km (40 cycles). An EV with HESP-RBS can drive 338.78 km (48 cycles), which is an increase of 93.32 km (13 cycles). The HESP-RBS increased the regenerative efficiency by 38.01% when compared to a traditional BEV.

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“…However, due to the limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying magnesium/carbon dioxide combustion, none of these options were favored. On another perspective, the policies of global carbon neutrality resulted in increasing interest in ammonia fuel as a potential zero-carbon technology [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on the Reaction of Magnesium in Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Atmosphere

Barabulica,

Secula,

Asoltanei

et al. 2024

ChemEngineering

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This manuscript presents an experimental study focusing on the combustion of magnesium in an atmosphere depleted of oxygen. The study explores various mixtures of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, examining their impact on the combustion performance. The experimental design involved evaluating how the carbon content influences combustion parameters. Temperature profiles were analyzed to elucidate different stages of the combustion process. Furthermore, the effects of pressure (2 and 3 ata) and the composition of CO2-N2 mixtures (10%, 19.5%, 35%, 48%, 72%, and 80% CO2 content) on magnesium combustion, including ignition time, maximum temperature, and post-combustion temperatures, were investigated. The results revealed a substantial impact on the ignition delay and combustion time, with the ignition delay decreasing with higher chamber pressure. The combustion process, especially with regard to the ignition time and heat of combustion, was notably affected by CO2 concentration. The morphology of the combustion residue from the magnesium microparticles was characterized using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The reaction of Mg with CO2 represents a promising energy source, quickly releasing a substantial amount of heat with a very low quantity of Mg. The estimated value of the heat of combustion for magnesium in N2-CO2 atmosphere is 78.4 kJ mol−1.

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In-cylinder thermochemical fuel reforming for high efficiency in ammonia spark-ignited engines through hydrogen generation from fuel-rich operations

Cited by 73 publications

References 43 publications

Exploring Hydrogen-Enriched Fuels and the Promise of HCNG in Industrial Dual-Fuel Engines

Exploring Hydrogen-Enriched Fuels and the Promise of HCNG in Industrial Dual-Fuel Engines

Integrated Vehicle-Following Control for Four-Wheel Independent Drive Based on Regenerative Braking System Control Mechanism for Battery Electric Vehicle Conversion Driven by PMSM 30 kW

Experimental Study on the Reaction of Magnesium in Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Atmosphere

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