In-Depth Review of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Nephropathy

Persistent proteinuria as an indicator of renal disease in HIV-infected children

“…39 HIVAN was not only found to be more common in the African races, but families of HIVAN patients had higher incidence of kidney disease. 40 However, some studies did not include a family history of kidney disease as one of the variables. 12 Variations in the prevalence of proteinuria were also affected by different methodologies.…”