In-Depth Study on the Effects of Impurity Ions in Saline Wastewater Electrolysis

Abstract

Concentration followed by electrolysis is one of the most promising ways for saline wastewater treatment, since it could produce H2, Cl2, and an alkaline solution with deacidification potential. However, due to the diversity and difference of wastewater, knowledge on the suitable salt concentration for wastewater electrolysis and the effects of mixed ions are still lacking. In this work, electrolysis experiments of mixed saline water were conducted. The salt concentration for stable dechlorination was explored, with in-depth discussions on the effects of typical ions such as K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42−. Results showed that K+ had a positive effect on the H2/Cl2 production of saline wastewater through accelerating the mass transfer efficiency in the electrolyte. However, the existence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ had negative effects on the electrolysis performance by forming precipitates, which would adhere to the membrane, reduce the membrane permeability, occupy the active sites on the cathode surface, and also increase the transport resistance of the electrons in the electrolyte. Compared to Mg2+, the damaging effect of Ca2+ on the membrane was even worse. Additionally, the existence of SO42− reduced the current density of the salt solution by affecting the anodic reaction while having less of an effect on the membrane. Overall, Ca2+ ≤ 0.01 mol/L, Mg2+ ≤ 0.1 mol/L and SO42− ≤ 0.01 mol/L were allowable to ensure the continuous and stable dechlorination electrolysis of saline wastewater.

Experimental Water Activity Suppression and Numerical Simulation of Shale Pore Blocking

“…However, the inhibition effect of Ca 2+ ions significantly decreases, and the inhibition effect of K + ions becomes more pronounced when the salt concentration is raised to 10% or even 20% [37]. This pattern aligns with experimental results demonstrating that salt solutions block pressure transfer at low concentrations [38].…”