In-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer for gas refractive index measurements based on a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

Andrews, Nicholas L.; Ross, R. Brendan; Munzke, Dorit; Hoorn, Camiel van; Brzezinski, Andrew; Barnes, Jack A.; Reich, Oliver; Loock, Hans‐Peter

doi:10.1364/oe.24.014086

Cited by 43 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Such MZI constructed by two cascaded waist-enlarged fibre bi-tapers (WEFBTs) (Figure 10 ducing a cavity in fibre so that the input light beam can be split into two portions. For instance, a MZI was fabricated by concatenating two air microcavities in the fibre core [398], as shown in Figure 10 [430], microfibre [431][432][433], double cladding fibre (DCF) [434], hollow-core PCF [435], and hybrid structures [436] were also employed as RI sensors with their performances listed in Table S7.…”

Section: Fibre Interferometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Refractive Index Sensors with Plasmonic and Photonic Structures: Promising and Inconvenient Truth

Bai

Zhou

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

363

193

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Optical sensors are widely used for refractive index measurement in chemical, biomedical and food processing industries. Due to specific field distribution of the resonances excited, optical sensors provide high sensitivity to ambient refractive index variations. The sensitivity of optical sensor is highly dependent on material and structure of the sensor. Here, we review six major categories of optical refractive index sensors using plasmonic and photonic structures: (i) metal-based propagating plasmonic eigenwave structures, (ii) metal-based localized plasmonic eigenmode structures, (iii) dielectric-based propagating photonic eigenwave structures, (iv) dielectric-based localized photonic eigenmode structures, (v) advanced hybrid structures, and (vi) 2D material integrated structures. Representative configurations working in the wavelength range of 400−2000 nm will be selected and compared in terms of bulk refractive index sensitivities, figure of merits and working wavelengths. A technology map is established in order to define the standard and development trend for optical refractive index sensors.

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Section: Fibre Interferometermentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Refractive Index Sensors with Plasmonic and Photonic Structures: Promising and Inconvenient Truth

Bai

Zhou

et al. 2019

Advanced Optical Materials

363

193

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“…Light propagating in the cladding modes and core mode along the D-shaped fiber will accumulate a phase difference, giving rising to the interference at the output. In either case, the accumulated phase shift in each interference arm depends on the propagating length and the effective refractive index (RI) of the modes, and the phase difference  between the core and cladding modes can be approximated as [19][20][21]…”

Section: Device Fabrication and Sensing Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

In-Line Mach-Zehnder Interferometer With D-Shaped Fiber Grating for Temperature-Discriminated Directional Curvature Measurement

Jiang

Bai

Wang

et al. 2018

J. Lightwave Technol.

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A high-sensitivity curvature sensing configuration is implemented by using a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with D-shaped fiber Bragg grating (FBG). A segment of D-shaped fiber is fusion spliced into a single mode fiber at both sides, and then a short FBG is inscribed in the D-shaped fiber. The fiber device yields a significant spectrum sensitivity as high as 87.7 nm/m-1 to the ultra-low curvature range from 0 to 0.3 m-1 , and can distinguish the orientation of curvature experienced by the fiber as the attenuation dip producing either a blue or red wavelength shift, by virtue of the asymmetry of D-shaped fiber cladding. In addition, by tracking both resonant wavelengths of the MZI and embedded FBG, the temperature and curvature can be measured simultaneously.

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“…Alternatively, in-fiber interferometers can be used for directional bending detection by offsetting the cores, such as in single mode fibers (SMF) [23,24,25,26] and in PCF [27]. For these in-fiber interferometers, bending direction is detected by using asymmetrical structures, such as asymmetrical tapers, micro notches, or lateral-offset fusion splice junctions in the SMFs, and a peanut-like section and an abrupt taper in PCF-based Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZI) [27]. These bending sensors can be easily fabricated and are highly sensitive, and are thus suitable for the fields of gait pattern detection, such as measuring the change in joint angles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Based on Three-Core Fiber for Measurement of Directional Bending

Ding

Zhou

et al. 2019

Sensors

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A highly sensitive directional bending sensor based on a three-core fiber (TCF) Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is presented in this study. This MZI-based bending sensor was fabricated by fusion-splicing a section of TCF between two single-mode fibers (SMF) with core-offset. Due to the location of the core in the TCF, a bend applied to the TCF-based MZI led to an elongation or shortening of the core, which makes the sensor suitable for directional bending measurement. To analyze the bending characteristics, two types of TCF-based sensors, with the fusion-spliced core located at different positions between the SMFs, were investigated. A swept source was employed in the measurement technique. The experimental results showed that, for the two types of sensors in this setup, the bending sensitivities of the two sensors were 15.36 nm/m−1 and 3.11 nm/m−1 at the bending direction of 0°, and −20.48 nm/m−1 and −5.29 nm/m−1 at the bending direction of 180°. The temperature sensitivities of the two sensors were 0.043 nm/°C and 0.041 nm/°C, respectively. The proposed sensors are compact, versatile, inexpensive to fabricate, and are expected to have potential applications in biomedical sensing.

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In-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer for gas refractive index measurements based on a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

Cited by 43 publications

References 31 publications

Optical Refractive Index Sensors with Plasmonic and Photonic Structures: Promising and Inconvenient Truth

Optical Refractive Index Sensors with Plasmonic and Photonic Structures: Promising and Inconvenient Truth

In-Line Mach-Zehnder Interferometer With D-Shaped Fiber Grating for Temperature-Discriminated Directional Curvature Measurement

In-Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Based on Three-Core Fiber for Measurement of Directional Bending

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