In field settings group members (often) show effort gains instead of social loafing

Hüffmeier, Joachim; Hertel, Guido; Torka, Ann-Kathrin; Nohe, Christoph; Krumm, Stefan

doi:10.1080/10463283.2021.1959125

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Motivational gains were consistently observed in conditions of high indispensability, whether it is a conjunctive task, where the weakest member determines the team performance; a disjunctive task [ 41 ], where the strongest member determines the team performance, or where competing later or last during sequential teamwork (e.g., the last runner in a relay race) determines the team performance [ 27 , 42 , 43 ]. Since the NBA’s regular season consists of 82 games in 25 weeks, it is more reasonable to explain motivation gains with the Cost Component rather than the Expectancy Component, which assumes a disjunctive task condition where every game is won or lost by a high performer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hüffmeier et al [ 42 ] noted that a feeling of belonging and cohesion developed in sport field conditions, where members know each other well and have worked together for a long time, where it is more likely to trigger motivation gains in a field study than in a laboratory condition. Since various psychological factors, such as leadership, as well as the relationship and cohesion among members, can affect motivation, this study divided the performance level of members by individual annual salary rather than statistics (e.g., EFF, PTS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An empirical link between motivation gain and NBA statistics: applying hierarchical linear modelling

Shim

Shin

2023

BMC Psychol

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Background This study tested whether the motivation gain in groups is the result of social compensation or the Köhler effect by examining scaled individual salaries of National Basketball Association (NBA) players. Both factors explain the positive effects of a group, unlike social loafing. However, differing causes in motivation gain relate to whether players are low or high performers and the Köhler effect or social compensation. Methods To test motivation gain, this study used 11-year NBA statistical data of 3247 players by applying hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) and HLM 7.0 was used for analysis. The players’ individual statistics and annual salaries were collected from the NBA and ESPN websites, respectively. Whereas previous studies have looked at motivation gain through track-and-field and swimming relay records, this study verified motivation gain through salary variations among NBA players and their affiliated teams. Results The high performers, while selecting teams with larger performance gaps among team members, earned a higher salary than while selecting teams with lower performance gaps among team members. This study found that motivation gain existed in high performers, which can be interpreted as support for social compensation rather than the Köhler effect. Conclusions We used our result to elucidate the basis for play-by-play decisions made by individuals and team behaviour. Our results are applicable for the enhancement of coaching strategies, ultimately improving team morale and performance. It can be interpreted that the motivation gains of high performers in the NBA are driven by the Cost Component of the Team member Effort Expenditure Model (TEEM), rather than the Expectancy and Value Components.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical link between motivation gain and NBA statistics: applying hierarchical linear modelling

Shim

Shin

2023

BMC Psychol

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Conjunctive and additive group work reduce academic procrastination: insights from a vignette study

2023

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Group work can increase individual effort, performance, and positive affect, if group members perceive their own contribution as indispensable for the group product. A vignette methodology was applied to investigate whether group work may also reduce procrastination. The vignettes described a typical academic assignment, while varying the task structure (individual work vs. conjunctive group work vs. additive group work) and group member ability (high vs. low). For each vignette, student participants (N = 443) provided ratings on their perceived indispensability, procrastination of the assignment, and affect. When group member ability was high, procrastination was lower in additive group work as compared to individual work. When group member ability was low, procrastination was lower in conjunctive group work as compared to both individual work and additive group work. As predicted, perceived indispensability mediated the difference in procrastination between conjunctive and additive group work. Moderation analyses further revealed that the effects were more pronounced for high trait procrastinators. Further, both types of group work led to increases in task-related positive affect as compared to individual work. By demonstrating the relevance of group work as a social factor, the results should be useful for the extension of existing programs targeting procrastination, and may inspire measures for preventing procrastination by changes in the study environment.

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Reducing freeloading in Global Virtual Teams: A quasi-experimental approach

Taras,

McLarnon,

Steel

et al. 2024

Journal of World Business

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In field settings group members (often) show effort gains instead of social loafing

Cited by 6 publications

References 80 publications

An empirical link between motivation gain and NBA statistics: applying hierarchical linear modelling

An empirical link between motivation gain and NBA statistics: applying hierarchical linear modelling

Conjunctive and additive group work reduce academic procrastination: insights from a vignette study

Reducing freeloading in Global Virtual Teams: A quasi-experimental approach

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