“…Pollen samples collected from honeybees, bee nests, and honey have been analyzed with barcoding and metabarcoding approaches in a number of studies, using both nuclear (e.g., ITS2; Keller et al., ; Richardson, Lin, Sponsler, et al., ; Sickel et al., ;. actin ; Torricelli, Pierboni, Tovo, Curcio, & Rondini, ) and plastidial (e.g., rbcL , trnL , matK ) (Bruni et al., ; Galimberti et al., ; Hawkins et al., ; Richardson, Lin, Quijia, et al., ; Valentini, Miquel, & Taberlet, ) marker regions. Pollen DNA extraction and downstream processing are less common with aerobiological samples, which contain a small but very complex amount of biologic material.…”