In-line characterization of polymer deformation in melt and solid phase processing

Coates, Phil; Haynes, Ariana; Speight, R. G.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(94)90265-8

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Currently, the most widely used freezing process diagnostic tool deploys temperature sensors for online measurement [ 11 ]. The temperature sensors, however, need to be in direct contact with the frozen samples in order to provide the temperature information [ 12 ], but a sensor embedded in the product may cause removal inconveniences after the freeze drying process. For drug and biopharmaceutical products, the direct contact of a sensor with the products may cause undesired pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Real-Time Diagnosis of the Freezing Process Using an Ultrasonic Transducer

Tseng

Cheng

et al. 2015

Sensors

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The freezing stage governs several critical parameters of the freeze drying process and the quality of the resulting lyophilized products. This paper presents an integrated ultrasonic transducer (UT) in a stainless steel bottle and its application to real-time diagnostics of the water freezing process. The sensor was directly deposited onto the stainless steel bottle using a sol-gel spray technique. It could operate at temperature range from −100 to 400 °C and uses an ultrasonic pulse-echo technique. The progression of the freezing process, including water-in, freezing point and final phase change of water, were all clearly observed using ultrasound. The ultrasonic signals could indicate the three stages of the freezing process and evaluate the cooling and freezing periods under various processing conditions. The temperature was also adopted for evaluating the cooling and freezing periods. These periods increased with water volume and decreased with shelf temperature (i.e., speed of freezing). This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the ultrasonic sensor and technology for diagnosing and optimizing the process of water freezing to save energy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Real-Time Diagnosis of the Freezing Process Using an Ultrasonic Transducer

Tseng

Cheng

et al. 2015

Sensors

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“…Currently, the widely used process diagnostic tools deploy pressure and temperature sensors for online measurements. These sensors, however, need to have direct contact with the material in order to provide information on its pressure and temperature profiles . Some advanced techniques, such as optical, electrical, and ultrasonic, have also been considered for the polymer process diagnosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time diagnosis of gas-assisted hot embossing process by ultrasound

Cheng¹,

Wu²,

Wu³

et al. 2013

Polym Eng Sci

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An integrated high temperature ultrasonic transducer (HTUT) sensor has been utilized for diagnosis of gasassisted hot embossing process to fabricate V-cut patterns real-time, nonintrusively and nondestructively. The progression of the process, including plastic plate soften, gas introducing, cooling, and plate detachment inside the chamber, was clearly observed using ultrasound. Ultrasonic velocity could not only indicate the four steps of process, but also evaluate the replicating degree of the V-cut patterns on surface of plastic plate under various temperature and gas pressure settings. The experimental results indicate that the heights of V-cut patterns increase with temperature and gas pressure.

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“…Currently, the widely used process diagnostic tools deploy pressure and temperature sensors for online measurements. However, these sensors may have some limitations, such as temperature sensors that can only measure the surface (or contact) temperature of a molded part, instead of the state of entire part . There are also other certain situations, such as for micromolding process and fabrication of microfluidic type devices; temperature may not be available through temperature sensors because of the limited machine space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature evaluated by ultrasonic technique during mixing process

Cheng

2011

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Temperature in internal mixer has been evaluated by ultrasonic measurements during the mixing process of low density polyethylene (LDPE) pellets with CaCO 3 powder. The melting process of LDPE from solid pellets to polymer melt and the mixing progress of melted LDPE with CaCO 3 powder were diagnosed by temperature and ultrasonic signatures on-line. The improved factor analysis was utilized to evaluate the relationship between temperature and ultrasonic parameters and rebuilt the temperature. The estimated temperature value had an agreement with the raw data within 4%. The presented ultrasonic technique and evaluating methodology might be an optional approach to diagnose the mixing process of polymer with powder in the internal mixer and evaluate the temperature on-line.

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In-line characterization of polymer deformation in melt and solid phase processing

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

Novel Real-Time Diagnosis of the Freezing Process Using an Ultrasonic Transducer

Novel Real-Time Diagnosis of the Freezing Process Using an Ultrasonic Transducer

Real-time diagnosis of gas-assisted hot embossing process by ultrasound

Temperature evaluated by ultrasonic technique during mixing process

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