In ovo L‐arginine supplementation stimulates myoblast differentiation but negatively affects muscle development of broiler chicken after hatching

Abstract

In this study, we tested the hypothesis that in ovo feeding (IOF) of L-arginine (L-Arg) enhances nitric oxide (NO) production, stimulates the process of myogenesis, and regulates post-hatching muscle growth. Different doses of L-Arg were injected into the amnion of chicken embryos at embryonic day (ED) 16. After hatching, the body weight of individual male chickens was recorded weekly for 3 weeks. During in vitro experiments, myoblasts of the pectoralis major (PM) were extracted at ED16 and were incubated in medium containing 0.01 mm L-Arg, 0.05 mm L-Arg, and (or) 0.05 mm L-nitro-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). When 25 mg/kg L-Arg/initial egg weight was injected, no difference was observed in body weight at hatch, but a significant decrease was found during the following 3 weeks compared to that of the non-injected and saline-injected control, and this also affected the growth of muscle mass. L-NAME inhibited gene expression of myogenic differentiation antigen (MyoD), myogenin, NOS, and follistatin, decreased the cell viability, and increased myostatin (MSTN) gene expression. 0.05 mm L-Arg stimulated myogenin gene expression but also depressed muscle cell viability. L-NAME blocked the effect of 0.05 mm L-Arg on myogenin mRNA levels when co-incubated with 0.05 mm L-Arg. L-Arg treatments had no significant influence on NOS mRNA gene expression, but had inhibiting effect on follistatin gene expression, while L-NAME treatments had effects on both. These results suggested that L-Arg stimulated myoblast differentiation, but the limited number of myoblasts would form less myotubes and then less myofibers, while the latter limited the growth of muscle mass.

Arginine promotes myogenic differentiation and myotube formation through the elevation of cytoplasmic calcium concentration

“…Myogenesis, underpinning muscle development and regeneration, mainly occurs in the early development of the fetus and neonate as well as in damaged muscle of postnatal individuals ( Parker et al., 2003 ). Previous study has demonstrated that arginine improved myogenic differentiation, myotubes formation and ameliorated muscle function, accompanied by arginine-stimulated NO production and AMPK activation in vivo and in vitro ( Chen et al., 2018 ; Li et al., 2016 ; Long et al., 2006 ). Previous study has also shown that arginine stimulated protein synthesis via the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in myoblastic C2C12 cells ( Wang et al., 2018 ).…”

“…Further, arginine exerted a critical role in vitro , promoting myogenic differentiation of satellite cells, meanwhile the Akirin2 and the 5′adenosylmonophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway involved in it ( Chen et al., 2018 ). On the other hand, it has also been shown that arginine administration in ovo promoted myoblast differentiation but lower cell viability and reduced the number of myoblasts, and resultantly decreased muscle mass of hatched broilers ( Li et al., 2016 ). Therefore, the effect of arginine on myogenesis and the mechanism by which arginine mediates myogenesis and muscle development need to be explored.…”

THE EMBRYONIC METABOLISM OF NITRIC OXIDE AND ITS INTERRELATION WITH POSTEMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT IN CHICKEN (Gallus gallus domesticus L.) AND QUAILS (Coturnix coturnix L.)

“…так и на организменном (13,15,16) уровне, и в том числе на эмбриональном (9,17). Выводы были сделаны на основании экспериментов с соединениями -донорами NO (9,11,18), изучения последствий блокирования синтеза NO (9,10,12,13), использования аргинина как источника NO (9,12,17). Полученные эффекты довольно противоречивы и не позволяют детально предположить какой-либо механизм влияния NO на миогенез.…”

Nouvelles stratégies alimentaires précoces au service de la production avicole

“…Des travaux récents ont montré qu'il était ainsi possible de modifier le métabolisme des animaux par des apports exogènes directement dans l'oeuf de différentes substances dont les acides aminés, les substrats énergétiques, les solutions électrolytiques, les hormones, les nucléotides et les vitamines à des moments clés de l'embryogénèse par des injections in ovo (Gore et Qureshi, 1997 ;Henry et Burke, 1999 ;Ohta et al, 1999 ;Kocamis et al, 1999Kocamis et al, et 2000Tako et al, 2004 ;Uni et al, 2005 ;Kadam et al, 2008 ;Zhai et al, 2011c ;Mc Gruder et al, 2011 ;Kornasio et al, 2011 ;Bakyaraj et al, 2012 ;Li et al, 2016 ;Neves et al, 2017 ;Gao et al, 2017). Ces pratiques induisent des différences de performances des poussins à l'éclosion (poids, stock de glycogène, rendement en filet), qui peuvent être maintenues jusqu'à l'âge d'abattage.…”

“…D'autres sucres, comme le fructose, ne sont pas recommandés car plusieurs études montrent une diminution d'éclosabilité des lots supplémentés en fructose ainsi qu'un poids plus petit des animaux (Zhai et al, 2011). D'autres supplémentations nutritionnelles (acides aminés : Li et al, 2016 ;glycérol : Neves et al, 2017 ; L-carnitine, créatine pyruvate : Zhao et al, 2017) ont été injectées dans différents compartiments de l'oeuf à différents stades de développement afin de modifier le métabolisme des embryons et le phénotype des animaux éclos (qualité et poids du poussin, composition corporelle, quantité de glycogène hépatique, rendement musculaire…). Les animaux sont parfois gardés au-delà de l'éclosion pour vérifier si les effets observés à l'éclosion restaient pérennes.…”