In-plane lateral cyclic behaviour of lime-mortar and clay-brick masonry walls in dry and wet conditions

Elghazouli, A.Y.; Bompa, D.V.; Mourad, Sherif A.; Elyamani, Ahmed

doi:10.1007/s10518-021-01170-5

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The failure occurs as a result of a combination of normal and shear stress on the wall [23]. In this case, the principal tensile strength in the cross-section of the wall exceeds the diagonal tensile strength of the masonry wall [2,24]. Diagonal cracks can be the stepped and straight modes in the masonry wall [25].…”

Section: Unreinforced Brick Masonry Wall (Bw Wall)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reinforced Effect on Brick Wall Using Timber Wall as a Retrofitting Method

et al. 2022

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The purpose of this study is to utilize timber material to enhance the in-plane shear strength and deformation capacity of a brick wall. The proposed strengthening method is light-weight and easy to assemble and includes a timber frame, plywood panel, M12 threaded rod with chemical epoxy, and the hold-down anchor. To evaluate the effectiveness of the reinforced brick wall, three walls were tested under a cyclic horizontal load and static compression stress: the brick wall (BW wall), the reinforced brick wall with timber (BW-T wall), and the reinforced brick wall with timber and the hold-down anchor (BW-TA wall). The proposed prediction method of the Kamiya and Inayama Murakami models assessed the BW-TA wall. The rocking was caused by the failure of BW and BW-T walls. However, because the BW-T wall failed in the lowest part of the wall, the timber part retained the original shape of the brick wall. When the diagonal on the BW-TA wall failed, the horizontal load at maximum load increased by 22%, and the drift angle calculated from the diagonal measurement increased 4.6 times.

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Section: Unreinforced Brick Masonry Wall (Bw Wall)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Timoshenko beam theory assumes the lateral displacement obtained from the shear and flexural strength to define the initial stiffness [24,27]. The ratio between the shear and elastic modulus (G/E) is 0.05 for the 0.2 N/mm 2 pre-compression stress by experiment in Table 3.…”

Section: Formulamentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforced Effect on Brick Wall Using Timber Wall as a Retrofitting Method

et al. 2022

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“…1a, the specimens were positioned and loaded through V-shaped supports. External transducers were used for secondary measurements alongside the displacement recordings provided by the machine, coupled with detailed data from a Digital Image Correlation (DIC) system (Elghazouli et al 2021).…”

Section: Diagonal Panelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of the crack kinematics, similar behaviour was observed during tests on both air-dry and wet specimens. Close inspection of the results showed that the moisture reduced both the stiffness and the specimen strength, albeit with different extents as a function of mortar strengths (Elghazouli et al 2021). The response of dry panels was generally characterised by loss of bond at a horizontal bed joint at the centre of the panel at around 80-90% of the peak capacity Pu.…”

Section: Diagonal Panelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Behaviour of Clay Brick Lime Mortar Masonry Walls Under Lateral Cyclic Loading in Dry and Wet Conditions

Elghazouli

Bompa

Mourad

et al. 2021

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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This paper examines the experimental structural response of clay brick lime mortar masonry walls in wet and ambient-dry conditions. The properties of fired-clay bricks and hydraulic lime-mortar materials are selected to resemble those of existing heritage masonry structures in Historic Cairo. The investigation includes tests on square panels under diagonal compression, and large-scale walls subjected to gravity loading and in-plane lateral cyclic displacements. In addition to the conditioning type, the effectiveness of strengthening with helical bars in horizontal bed joints is also investigated. Implications of embedding helical bars in lime mortar as well as the provision of end anchorages are assessed. The complete load-deformation response of the large-scale members is also evaluated, including the main behavioural characteristics and failure modes. The results show that moisture has a notable effect on the main mechanical properties and overall structural response of such masonry components. For the panels subjected to diagonal compression, the strength reduction under wet conditions is shown to be more than 40% compared to the dry counterparts. For the large-scale walls, subjected to combined lateral loading and precompression, this reduction is significantly lower but can exceed 10%. It is also shown that the provision of helical bars can, depending on their end anchorage and arrangement, double the diagonal tension strength of masonry and offset the adverse effects occurring due to moisture.

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“…Half of the specimens were kept in laboratory conditions (T = 24-30 °C, RH = 30-50%), whilst the remaining specimens were in wet conditions by full submersion in water for 48h. To assess the compressive strength of the masonry, cylinders made of two vertical brick cores, with a mortar joint of about 10 mm in between, were extracted from undamaged masonry walls (Elghazouli et al 2021). The cylinders had a diameter d = 69 mm and height of around h = 145 mm, representing an aspect ratio h/d ≈ 2.10.…”

Section: Compression Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear-Compression Failure Envelopes for Clay Brick Lime Mortar Masonry Under Wet and Dry Conditions

Bompa

Elghazouli

2021

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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This study describes an experimental investigation into the fundamental mechanical properties of masonry incorporating fired-clay bricks and hydraulic lime mortars under ambient-dry and wet conditions, used in many historic structures. The investigation includes tests on cylindrical cores in compression, square panels in diagonal compression and triplets in shear. Apart from conventional measurements, the use of digital image correlation techniques enables a detailed assessment of the influence of moisture on the constitutive properties and on the response kinematics of the member, including behaviour characteristics of the brick-mortar interfaces, crack propagation in tension and confinement effects in compression. The tests results show that on average the uniaxial compressive strength of wet brick-mortar cylinders is about 15% lower than their dry counterparts, whilst the shear strength of wet triplets is about 20% lower than of those in dry conditions. The diagonal tension strength of wet panels depends largely on the mortar properties and is about 30% lower on average than that of the dry panels. Based on the test results, the material shear-compression strength envelopes for wet and dry masonry are evaluated and compared with existing assessment models.

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In-plane lateral cyclic behaviour of lime-mortar and clay-brick masonry walls in dry and wet conditions

Cited by 18 publications

References 61 publications

Reinforced Effect on Brick Wall Using Timber Wall as a Retrofitting Method

Reinforced Effect on Brick Wall Using Timber Wall as a Retrofitting Method

Structural Behaviour of Clay Brick Lime Mortar Masonry Walls Under Lateral Cyclic Loading in Dry and Wet Conditions

Shear-Compression Failure Envelopes for Clay Brick Lime Mortar Masonry Under Wet and Dry Conditions

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