BackgroundPR superfamily, pathogenesis related (PR) proteins divided into P1-PR17 subfamilies, is involved in the defense mechanism of plants. Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are part of PR-5 family that facilitates resistance against abiotic and biotic stress responses.ResultsIn the present study, a total of 26, 27, 39, 93 and 37 TLPs with conserved signature-motif were identified in Brachypodium distachyon, Oryza sativa, Sorghum bicolor, Triticum aestivum and Zea mays, respectively. They were phylogenetically divided into 10 different clades. Majority of genes possessed one to three exons. Physicochemical analysis suggested significant differences between small and long TLPs. Majority consisted of signal peptide and localized in extracellular region. Evolutionary analyses suggested the role of duplication events in the expansion of this gene family. Tissue-specific expression of certain genes suggested their role in development, while differential expression revealed their putative roles in stress-response. The occurrence of assorted set of cis-regulatory elements further suggested their diverse functions. Co-expression analysis depicted their interaction with several stress responsive genes.ConclusionsThe detailed characterization of TLP proteins in cereals depicted their importance in combating various biotic and abiotic challenges. This study would be useful in further characterization of individual TLP genes in each plant, and various crop improvement programs in future studies.